GROUP 4

Stoichiometry
Mole & Molar Mass of Elements
Molar Mass of Compounds
 STOICHIOMETRY
• is the quantitative study/calculation of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
• Founded on the law of conservation of mass
 Total mass of reactants = total mass of products
 Relations among quantities of reactants and products typically
form a ratio of positive integers.
• jioyi
 WHAT YOU SHOULD EXPECT

• Given : Amount of reactants

• Question: how much of products can be formed.
• Example

• 2 A + 2B = 3C
• Given 20.0 grams of A and sufficient B, how many grams of C can
be produced?
 WHAT DO YOU NEED?

You will need to use

i. molar ratios,
ii. molar masses,
iii. balancing and interpreting equations, and
iv. conversions between grams and moles.

Note: This type of problem is often called "mass-mass."

STEPS INVOLVED IN SOLVING MASS-MASS
STOICHIOMETRY PROBLEMS

• Balance the chemical equation correctly

• Using the molar mass of the given substance, convert the
mass given to moles.
• Construct a molar proportion (two molar ratios set equal
to each other)
• Using the molar mass of the unknown substance, convert
the moles just calculated to mass.
ANATOMY OF A CHEMICAL
EQUATION
 ANATOMY OF A CHEMICAL
EQUATION

REACTANTS APPEAR ON
THE LEFT SIDE OF THE
EQUATION
ANATOMY OF A CHEMICAL
EQUATION

PRODUCTS APPEAR ON
THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE
EQUATION
ANATOMY OF A CHEMICAL
EQUATION

THE STATES OF THE REACTANTS AND

PRODUCTS ARE WRITTEN IN PARENTHESES TO
THE RIGHT OF EACH COMPOUND
ANATOMY OF A CHEMICAL
EQUATION

COEFFICIENTS ARE
INSERTED TO BALANCE
THE EQUATION
SUBSCRIPTS AND COEFFICIENTS
GIVE DIFFERENT INFORMATION

• Subscripts tell the number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

• Coefficients tell the number of molecules (compounds).
 REACTION TYPES
• Combination Reactions
• Decomposition Reactions
• Combustion Reactions
 COMBINATION REACTIONS

• Two or more substances react to form one product.

Examples:
• N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) >>> 2 NH3 (g)
• C3H6 (g) +
 MOLE RATIOS

• A mole ratio converts moles of one compound in a

balanced chemical equation into moles of another
compound.
 EXAMPLE

Reaction between magnesium and oxygen to form magnesium

oxide. ( fireworks)

2 Mg(s) + O2(g) 2 MgO(s)

Mole Ratios:
2:1:2
 PRACTICE PROBLEMS

1) N2 + 3 H2 ---> 2 NH3
Write the mole ratios for N2 to H2 and NH3 to H2.
2) A can of butane lighter fluid contains 1.20 moles of
butane (C4H10). Calculate the number of moles of carbon
dioxide given off when this butane is burned.
 MOLE-MOLE PROBLEMS

Using the practice question 2) above:

Equation of reaction
2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2O
Mole ratio
C4H10 CO2
1 : 4 [ bases]
1.2 : X [ problem]
By cross-multiplication, X = 4.8 mols of CO2 given off
 MOLE-MASS PROBLEMS

• Problem 1: 1.50 mol of KClO3 decomposes. How many

grams of O2 will be produced? [k = 39, Cl = 35.5, O = 16]
2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2
THREE STEPS… GET YOUR CORRECT
ANSWER
• Use mole ratio
• Get the answer in moles and then
• Convert to Mass. [Simple Arithmetic]

Hello!
If you are given a mass in the problem, you will need to
convert this to moles first. Ok?
 LET’S GO!

2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2
2 : 3
1.50 : X
X = 2.25mol
Convert to mass
2.25 mol x 32.0 g/mol = 72.0 grams
Cool!
 TRY THIS:
• We want to produce 2.75 mol of KCl. How many grams of KClO3
would be required?
Soln

KClO3 : KCl
2 : 2
X : 2.75
X = 2.75mol
In mass: 2.75mol X 122.55 g/mol
= 337 grams
 MASS-MASS PROBLEMS
There are four steps involved in solving these problems:
• Make sure you are working with a properly balanced
equation.
• Convert grams of the substance given in the problem to
moles.
• Construct two ratios - one from the problem and one
from the equation and set them equal. Solve for "x,"
which is usually found in the ratio from the problem.
• Convert moles of the substance just solved for into
grams.
 MASS-VOLUME PROBLEMS

• Just follow mass-mass problem to the

penultimate level (next to the last/second to
the last)
 LIKE THIS:
There are four steps involved in solving these problems:
• Make sure you are working with a properly balanced
equation.
• Convert grams of the substance given in the problem to
moles.
• Construct two ratios - one from the problem and one
from the equation and set them equal. Solve for "x,"
which is usually found in the ratio from the problem.
• Convert moles of the substance just solved for into
Volume.
CONVERSION OF MOLE TO VOLUME

No of moles = Volume
Molar volume
Can you remember a similar equation?
 MOLAR VOLUME

• The molar volume is the volume occupied by one

mole of ideal gas at STP. Its value is: 22.4dm3
 PRACTICE PROBLEMS

Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide formed at STP in ‘dm3' by

the complete thermal decomposition of 3.125 g of pure calcium
carbonate (Relative atomic mass of Ca=40, C=12, O=16)
Solution:
Convert the mass to mole:
Molar mass of CaCO3 = 40 + 12 + (16 x 3) = 100gmol-1
Mole = mass/molar mass
3.125/100 = 0.03125mol
As per the equation,

Mole ratio 1:1

problem 0.03125mol X
X = 0.03125mol of CO2
Convert mole to volume [slide 25]

Volume = (0.03125 x 22.4)dm3

= 0.7dm3
 END OF SLIDE
Members:
Adora, Nicko Louis
Elca, Emmanuel
Gimena, Kyrstan Faust
Apelanio, Jasmin Rose
Neñel, Carmel Louise
Solon, Bea Sophia