PHYSICS

In Chemical Engineering
(3 CSU)
 LETURER PROFILE
Prof. ANDRI CAHYO KUMORO, ST, MT, PhD

EDUCATIONS:
S.T. (Chemical Engineering) (Gadjah Mada University) (1996)
M.T. (Chemical Engineering) (Gadjah Mada University) (1998)
Ph.D. (Chemical Engineering) (Universiti of Malaya) (2007)

SUBJECTS TAUGHT:
PHYSICS 1
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS:
1. American Chemical Society
2. Society of Petroleum Engineer
3. Institution of Engineer Malaysia
4. International Association of Engineer
5. Indonesian Association of Food Technologists

ACHIEVEMENTS:
UNDIP’s LECTURER OF THE YEAR 2011 WHO’s WHO IN THE WORLD 2011 (USA)
NATIONAL LECTURER OF THE YEAR 2011 FINALIST DIKTI BEST RESEARCHER AWARD 2010
 CLASS CONTRACT
• Attendance of ≥75% is required

• Class will begin at 10 minutes later than the

scheduled time

• Marking components: UTS 40%, UAS 40% and

Assignments (20%)

• Appeal to final mark will be only entertained ±

7 days earlier or later than the judicium date to
validate your achievement.

• Examination will be based on regular task and

conducted closed book.
 PHYSICS 1 SILABUS

• VECTOR IN PHYSICS

• VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION

• THE PROJECTILES

• FORCES AND NEWTON LAWS

• WORK AND ENERGY

• FLUIDS STATIC AND DYNAMICS

 CHAPTER I
VECTOR in PHYSICS

In Chemical Engg.
Basic Measurement
?

In Chemical Engg.
Derivative measurement ?
 CHAPTER I
VECTOR in PHYSICS

Physical Quantity, unit

measurement
distance, volume, mass, length, etc
(scalar)

Mechanical Quantity, unit, direction

measurement velocity, acceleration, force,
(vector) displacement
• Scalar
Parameters possessing magnitude but not direction.
Examples: mass, volume, temperature

• Vector
Parameters possessing magnitude and direction which add
according to the parallelogram law.
Examples: displacements, velocities, accelerations.
Displacement/position
There are many
distance at 20 m from
the adventurer
 Convention on a VECTOR’s Representation
Scale: 1 cm = 4 m direction

magnitude

A free body diagram of a vector should include:

• a scale for a specific unit

• a vector arrow (with a head and a tail) in a specified direction.

• the magnitude

• direction of the vector is clearly labeled with angle of rotation

or a common direction sign (E, N, W, S).
Representing the Magnitude of a Vector

• Multiplication of a vector by a scalar

Resultants

The resultant is the vector sum (adding) of two or

more vectors. If displacement vectors A, B, and C are
added together, the result will be vector R and can be
determined by the use of an accurately drawn,
scaled, vector addition diagram.

A
A+B+C=R
R
C

B
Vector Addition: Purely vertical and horizontal direction
Application of Vector Addition in Newton Law
The plane travels with a velocity relative to the ground which is the
vector sum of the plane’s velocity (relative to the air) plus the wind
velocity
Vector Addition: Non purely vertical/horizontal direction
 Solving Vector Additions

• Resultant can be obtained from a rough sketch of the

vectors drawn with appropriate scale (magnitude) and
direction.

• Resultant can also be determined using

mathematical/analytical methods:
– Algebra
– Trigonometry
– Geometry
• force: action of one body on another;
characterized by its point of application,
magnitude, line of action, and sense.

• Experimental evidence shows that the

combined effect of two forces may be
represented by a single resultant force.

• The resultant is equivalent to the diagonal

of a parallelogram which contains the two
forces in adjacent legs.
 Solving Vector Additions

• Trapezoid rule for vector addition

• Triangle rule for vector addition

• Law of cosines,
C

R 2  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos B
B

C R  PQ
• Law of sines,

sin A sin B sin C

B
 
P R Q
 The Miracle of Triangle

Right Triangle c is the hypotenuse

c2 = a2 + b2
B
sin (A) = a/c cos (A) = b/c tan (A) = a/b
c
A + B + C = 180°
a
B = 180° – (A + 90°)

C A tan A = a/b tan B = b/a

b
 These Laws Work for Any Triangles

A + B + C = 180°


Law of sines:
a = b = c
sin  sin  sin 
a b
Law of cosines:
  c2 = a2 + b2 –2abCos 
c
Using Trigonometry to Determine a Vector's Direction
• Addition of three or more vectors through
repeated application of the triangle rule

• The polygon rule for the addition of three or

more vectors.
Problem:
Three vectors: 20 m, 45 deg. + 25 m, 300 deg. + 15 m, 210 deg.
SCALE: 1 cm = 5 m
SCALE: 1 cm = 5 m
Problem:
Three vectors: 15 m, 210 deg. + 25 m, 300 deg. + 20 m, 45 deg.
SCALE: 1 cm = 5 m
SCALE: 1 cm = 5 m
SCALE: 1 cm = 5 m

Are they the same?

• Vector addition is commutative,

P  Q  Q  P
Example
Find the resultant and angle of these two force vectors
• Trigonometric solution - Apply the triangle rule.
From the Law of Cosines,

R 2  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos B
 40 N 2  60 N 2  240 N 60 N  cos155
R  97.73N
From the Law of Sines,
sin A sin B

Q R
Q
sin A  sin B
R
60 N
 sin 155
97.73N
A  15.04
  20  A
  35.04
Example
(100 km/hr)2 + (25 km/hr)2 = R2
10 000 km2/hr2 + 625 km2/hr2 = R2
10 625 km2/hr2 = R2
SQRT(10 625 km2/hr2) = R
103.1 km/hr = R

tan (theta) = (opposite/adjacent)

tan (theta) = (25/100)
theta = invtan (25/100)
theta = 14.0 degrees
10 m

5 ms/s
(4.0 m/s)2 + (3.0 m/s)2 = R2
16 m2/s2 + 9 m2/s2 = R2
25 m2/s2 = R2
SQRT (25 m2/s2) = R
5.0 m/s = R

tan (theta) = (opposite/adjacent)

tan (theta) = (3/4)
theta = invtan (3/4)
theta = 36.9 degrees
Independence of Perpendicular Components of Motion

Each of these four vectors above has the same vertical component
of force 50N. The four vectors have different horizontal components
of force.

Altering the horizontal component will affect the horizontal motion of

the object to which this force is applied
Four velocity vectors labeled V with varying directions are shown.
The horizontal and vertical components of these vectors are drawn
and labeled.

Note that a northwest vector has a north and a west component and
southeast vector has a south and an east component
The resulting motion of a plane in the presence of wind is
dependent upon the velocity of crosswind.

An alteration of the wind velocity affects the resulting motion but

does NOT affect the velocity at which the plane flies northward.
Perpendicular component of motion are independent each other.
Component Method of Adding Vectors
Component Method of Adding Vectors

Vector x component y
Component
A
Ax = +3.76 cos(34.5) Ax = +3.10 cm
Ay = +3.76 sin(34.5) Ay = +2.13 cm

B
Bx = -4.53 cos(34.1) Bx = -3.75 cm
By = +4.53 sin(34.1) By = +2.54 cm

C
Cx = Ax + Bx Cx = -0.65 cm
Cy = Ay + By Cy = +4.67 cm

C2 = Cx2 + Cy2 = 0.652 + 4.672

C = 4.72 cm
tan(q) = 4.67 / 0.65 ; q = 82.1 degrees
Components of Force:

x
 Example:

6 N at 135°
x y
5 cos 30° = +4.33 5 sin 30° = +2.5
5 N at 30°
6 cos 45 ° = - 4.24 6 sin 45 ° = + 4.24

+ 0.09 + 6.74

R = (0.09)2 + (6.74)2 = 6.74 N

 = arctan 6.74/0.09 = 89.2°

FIRST CONDITION OF EQUILIBRIUM
is that the vector sum of all the forces acting on
a body vanishes to zero

T1 T2
F = F1+ F2+ F3+ F4+. . . = 0

F = 0

And really means

Fx = 0 Fy = 0

What forces (T1 and T2) are exerted by the two ropes?
Resolve all the forces into their x- and y-components
Fx = 0
Fx = - TL cos 45o + TR cos 30o = 0
- 0.707 TL + 0.866 TR = 0
0.866 T R = 0.707 TL

Fy = 0
Fy = TL sin 45o + TR sin 30o - 98 N = 0
0.707 TL + 0.5 TR - 98 N = 0
0.707 TL + 0.5 TR = 98 N
Now we can substitute,
0.707 TL + 0.5 TR = 98 N
0.866 T R + 0.5 TR = 98 N
( 0.866 + 0.5 ) TR = 98 N
1.366 TR = 98 N
TR = 98 N / 1.366
TR = 71.7 N
0.866 T R = 0.707 TL
TL = (0.866 / 0.707) TR
TL = 1.22 TR
TL = 1.22 ( 71.7 N )
TL =87.8 N
END