16/17 Semester

Petroleum and Gas

Processing(TKK-2136)

Instructor: Rama Oktavian

Email: Oktavian.rama2@gmail.com
Office Hr.: M.10-15, Tu. 08-12, W. 13-15, Th. 13-15, F. 09-11
 Outlines

1. Crude distillation unit: Desalter

2. Distillation column configuration

3. CDU material balance

Crude Distillation Unit (CDU)
Crude Distillation Unit (CDU)
Crude Distillation Unit (CDU)
 Crude Distillation Unit
Crude desalter unit
Salt content crude oil is usually denoted
as pounds salt (measured as NaCl) per
thousand barrels of crude oil (ptb)
 Crude Distillation Unit
Crude desalter unit
 Crude Distillation Unit
Crude desalter unit

The salt content should be lowered to between 5.7 and 14.3

kg/1000 m3 (2 and 5 PTB)

Poor desalting has the following effects:

1. Salts deposit inside the tubes of furnaces and on the tube
bundles of heat exchangers creating fouling, thus reducing
the heat transfer efficiency
2. Corrosion of overhead equipment
3. The salts carried with the products act as catalyst poisons
in catalytic cracking units
 Crude Distillation Unit
Crude desalter unit operation variable

1. Desalting temperature – affect settling rate, typical desalting

temperature can vary between 50 and150 C (122 and 302 F)
2. Washing water ratio – affect in salt removal, Kuwait crude (31.2 API)
requires 7–8 vol% water addition relative to the crude rate
3. Water level - Raising the water level reduces the settling time for the
water droplets in the crude oil, thus improving the desalting efficiency
4. Washing water injection point
5. Demulsifier injection rate
6. Type of washing water - relatively soft to prevent scaling, slightly acidic
with a pH in the range of 6, free from hydrogen sulphide and ammonia
7. Pressure drop in the mixing valve - A pressure drop between 0.5 and
1.5 bar (7.4 and 22 psi) is used
 Crude Distillation Unit
Crude electrostatic desalting unit
 Crude Distillation Unit
Atmospheric distillation unit

Crude oil from the desalter is heated in a train of heat exchangers up to a

temperature of 250°C–260°C and further by a tube-still heater (also known as a
pipe-still furnace) to a temperature of 350°C–360°C

Top pressure is maintained at 1.2–1.5 atm

Vapours from the top of the column, consisting of hydrocarbon gases and
naphtha, emerge at a temperature of 120°C–130°C

A few plates below the top plate, the kerosene fraction is drawn at a draw
temperature of 190°C–200°C

A few plates below the kerosene draw plate, the diesel fraction ) is drawn at a
temperature of 280°C–300°C

The temperature of the stream at the bottom reaches around 340°C–350°C

 Crude Distillation Unit
Atmospheric distillation unit

A typical atmospheric distillation column contains 41 plates

The hot feed crude oil is flashed in the fifth plate

Products:
- top distillate (IBP–140°C cut)
- straight run kerosene (140°C–270°C cut)
- straight run diesel (270°C–340°C cut)
- JBO (340°C–365°C cut)
- the bottom residue (RCO, 365°C +cut)
 Crude Distillation Unit
Atmospheric distillation unit
 Crude Distillation Unit
Atmospheric distillation unit
 Crude Distillation Unit
Product stabilization
 Crude Distillation Unit
Condition parameter

Column Pressure
Controlled by the back pressure of the overhead reflux drum

The top tray pressure is 0.4–0.7 bar gauge (6–10 psig) higher than the reflux
drum

The flash zone pressure is usually 0.34–0.54 bar (5–8 psi) higher than the top
tray

Overhead Temperature
must be controlled to be 14–17 C (25–31 F) higher than the dew point
temperature for the water to prevent water liquid condensation
 Crude Distillation Unit
Condition parameter
 Crude Distillation Unit
Crude material balance
Crude Assay Data
 Crude Distillation Unit
Crude material balance
PROPERTIES OF TBP CUTS
Crude Assay Data
Den
Cuts Yield Yield 15°C S RSH RON MON Napht. Aro. RVP
LIGHT °C wt% vol % kg/m3 wt% mg/kg clear clear vol% vol% kPa
NAPHTHA 15-65 3.52 4.52 644 0.0032 0 86.2 81.5 4.6 0.1 185.28
15-80 5.29 6.62 661 0.0037 1 86.1 81.2 9.9 0.3 150.93
Den
Cuts Yield Yield 15°C S RSH Napht. Aro.
HEAVY °C wt% vol % kg/m3 wt% mg/kg vol% vol%
NAPHTHA 80-150 16.41 18.03 752 0.0081 2 32.2 11.3
80-175 22.45 24.29 764 0.0103 2 32.0 13.3
100-150 12.35 13.38 763 0.0090 2 32.9 14.5
Den
Cuts Yield Yield 15°C S RSH Smoke Acidity Cetane Freez. Pt Aro. Visc cSt Flash
mgKOH/
KEROSENE °C wt% vol % kg/m3 wt% mg/kg Pt mm g Index °C vol% 50°C Point
150-230 21.72 22.08 813 0.029 2 16 0.08 35.6 -54 16.2 1.0 -
175-230 15.68 15.82 820 0.033 2 16 0.09 36.9 -50 15.1 1.2 -
150-250 27.87 28.16 818 0.034 2 16 0.09 37.9 -49 16.2 1.2 -
Den
Cuts Yield Yield 15°C S Anilin Cetane Cloud Pt CFPP Pour Pt Visc cSt Visc cSt UOPK Flash
GASOIL °C wt% vol % kg/m3 wt% Point °C Index C C C 50°C 100°C Point
175-400 55.55 53.75 854 0.072 64 45.3 -6 -9 -12 2.5 1.2 11.7 -
230-400 39.86 37.93 869 0.088 68 48.1 -1 -1 -2 3.6 1.5 11.7 -
230-375 34.31 32.90 862 0.083 67 48.4 -7 -7 -8 3.1 1.4 11.7 -
Den
Cuts Yield Yield 15°C S Conrad. Anilin Ni Va Total N Bas N Pour Pt Visc cSt Visc cSt UOPK Asp C7
VACUUM °C wt% vol % kg/m3 wt% wt% Point °C mg/kg mg/kg wt% mg/kg C 100°C 150°C wt %
DISTILLATE 375-550 17.84 15.73 937 0.15 0.5 80 0 0 0.027 102 41 6.1 2.5 11.6 0.1
375-565 18.53 16.31 939 0.15 0.8 80 0 0 0.031 110 41 6.6 2.7 11.6 0.1
375-580 19.09 16.77 941 0.16 1.2 80 0 0 0.041 117 42 7.0 2.8 11.6 0.2
400-580 13.54 11.74 953 0.18 1.7 81 0 1 0.052 152 47 10.1 3.7 11.6 0.2
Den
Cuts Yield Yield 15°C S Conrad. Acidity Ni Va Total N Pour Pt Visc cSt Visc cSt Pene Asp C7
mgKOH/
RESIDUE °C wt% vol % kg/m3 wt% wt% g mg/kg mg/kg wt% C 100°C 150°C mm/10 wt%
> 375 20.77 18.11 948 0.17 4.2 0.3 1 2 0.179 34 9 3 587000 0.4
> 550 2.93 2.38 1020 0.32 26.5 0.4 5 15 1.100 48 869 74 199 2.0
> 565 2.24 1.80 1028 0.34 31.8 0.4 6 19 1.400 51 2470 145 124 2.4
> 580 1.68 1.34 1036 0.36 37.6 0.4 8 23 1.750 55 8420 321 91 2.7
This crude oil data sheet is for information purposes only. No guaranty is given as to its accuracy or as to any consequences arising from its use. TOTAL DTS / AM Mar-14
 Crude Distillation Unit
Material balance
 Crude Distillation Unit
Solution
Step 1: Construct fifth order polynomial fit of TBP data versus vol%
 Crude Distillation Unit
Solution
Step 2: From the end point of each cut, calculate the cumulative volume percent,
example: the cumulative volume percent for the off gas and the light straight run
naphtha is 1.33 and 8.6%, respectively
 Crude Distillation Unit
Solution
Step 3: Calculating average normal boiling point. The average normal boiling
point for each cut is calculated at the mid percent of each cut.
in this case the light straight run naphtha is
1.33 + 7.27/2 or 4.965%
Average boiling point - to be 43.6 C
 Crude Distillation Unit
Solution
Step 4: Calculating Molecular weight.
 Crude Distillation Unit
Solution
Step 5: Calculating specific gravity.
 Crude Distillation Unit
Solution
 Crude Distillation Unit
Material balance
 Vacuum Distillation Unit
Products

Light vacuum gas oil (LVGO)

Medium vacuum gas oil (MVGO)

Heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO)

Vacuum residue
 Vacuum Distillation Unit
Process overview