Optimizing Energy-efficient by Integrating Intelligence Immune System
with Edge Computing in Manufacturing Processes
整合智能免疫系统与边缘运算优化制造业流程能源消耗
Tsai-Shen Wu | twu21@masonlive.gmu.edu
Department of Applied Information Technology | George Mason University
Ting-Ta Hou | thou2@masonlive.gmu.edu Wei Cao | wcao2@masonlive.gmu.edu
Department of Data Analytics Engineering | George Mason University
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, Big Data analytics have been applying in many fields. For example,
Finance, Marketing, Social Media, Robot and so on… These applications cause the
revolution of various industries. In manufacturing, how to raise the productivity
or energy-efficient is a problem which is worth to explore. A latest research was
proposed in 2018 [1]. The scholars were trying to apply Intelligent Immune
System (IIS) in manufacturing process to decrease the energy consumption. Also,
another research discusses how to detect and avoid disruption in IIS [2]. These
researches highlight the significance of IIS in manufacturing. However, they didn’t
discuss the possibility of integrating with Edge Computing structure. Edge
computing is a common solution adopted by manufacturing industries. The
concept is one virtue layer added between the process of data collecting and data
analyzing. In this middle layer, data can be processed in a preliminary step.
Afterward, the data will be uploaded to the upper layer to proceed advance
analysis. There are some advantages in edge computing. We believe if we
combine the Intelligent Immune System and Edge Computing, we can promote
the total performance of IIS. In this research, we want to focus on Intelligent
Immune System integrating with edge computing in manufacturing process to
enhance the energy-efficient.
INTELLEGENCE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Figure 1. Structure of the framework based on artificial immune cells [3]
Originally, Immune System is a human’s mechanism which defends people against
pathogen and prevents infections. Intelligent Immune System (IIS) is
designed according to this idea. The purpose of IIS is preventing manufacturing
processes from abnormal situations beforehand. It is able to memorize
elements causing disruption and reuse the solutions in similar situation in future.
The decision makers can base on the detective mechanism to find the issues
before the occurrence of problems to enhance the productivity which includes
reducing the expense, time cost and raising quality [3].
Figure 2. The danger theory-based IIS framework [1]
EDGE COMPUTING
Edge computing is to perform the processing data near the edge of network, where
the data is generated, instead of centralized data centers. In order to develop edge
computing to manufacturing industries, Chen et al. [4] proposed an architecture of
edge computing for IoT-based manufacturing. In this research, they compared the
centralized task scheduling mechanism with the self-organized task mechanism
whose time length of robot operation and average upload speed of backbone
network speed are better.
GOAL: ENERGY-EFFICIENT OPTIMISATION
Recent research has showed that energy saving become a significant indicator of
manufacturing [5]. However, relevant energy-efficient solutions for manufacturing
have not been effectively implemented. Hence, Wang et al. [1] proposed the IIS to
implement energy-efficient by observing electric energy consumption. In the end of
their research paper, they said a novel idea – combing IIS with edge computing.
Hence, our research aims to integrate the immune mechanism and the edge
computing structure in order to carry out to improve efficiency and effectiveness of
IIS.
Figure 3. The framework of IIS combining edge computing
METHODOLOGY
In our methodology, we have two data points. First, energy consumption, it
means in the same period of time that the volume of wattage consumption in
every manufacturing process. Second, produced products, it means based on the
same wattage consumption that the number of manufactured products.
There are two major methods which are used to collect data. First, it is advanced
CNC machines. The CNC machine is a method for automating control of machine
tools through the use of software embedded in a microcomputer attached to the
tool. In our research, we want to use CNC to do preliminary processing of data.
Therefore, we use it to collect the wattage consumption in each machine during
the manufacturing process every ten seconds.
For the analytics method, we utilize cross analysis to compare the consumption
between two different system frameworks. The Chi Square is the most common
way to apply in cross analysis.
Formula 1. Chi Square test
DISCUSSION
Our research exigence is that the previous research has not paid much attention
to combine IIS with edge computing. The purpose of our research is to justify
edge computing combine with IIS together can help manufacturing process
improve the energy-efficiency. We suggest the manufacturing industries which
consume huge energy in their manufacturing process can deploy our system in
their original system.
In our research, we have discussed the energy-efficient between IIS and IIS with
edge computing. However, we do not probe the different property of
manufacturing industries causing the difference. Every manufacturing industry
has their own manufacturing processes. In certain situation, the edge computing
structure may consume more energy than only use IIS. The mainly difficulty in our
research is the process of collecting the data. We assume each facility has sensor
which can collect all of data we need. However, this is a huge cost for industries. If
the cost is greater than the benefits, the system is unnecessary. Also, not every
facility and sensor are compatible. This will have some technical problems that
need to be overcame.
REFERENCES
1. S. Wang, Y. Liang, W. Li and X. Cai, "Big Data enabled Intelligent Immune System for energy efficient," Journal of Cleaner Production, pp.
507-520, 2018.
2. M. Dai, D. Tang, Y. Xu and W. Li, "Energy-aware integrated process planning and scheduling for job shops," Sustainable Manufacturing and
Remanufacturing Management, vol. 229, no. 1_suppl, pp. 13-26, 2018.
3. S. Darmoul, H. Pierreval and S. Hajri-Gabouj, "Handling disruptions in manufacturing systems: An immune perspective," Engineering
Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 110-121, 2013.
4. B. Chen, J. Wan, A. Celesti, D. Li, H. Abbas and Q. Zhang, "Edge Computing in IoT-Based Manufacturing," IEEE Communications Magazine,
vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 103-109, 2018.
5. Engert, S., Rauter, R., Baumgartner, R., 2016. Exploring the integration of corporate.sustainability into strategic management: a literature
review. J. Clean. Prod. 112,(4), 2833e2850.