PRESENTED BY:

JAVAID HASSAN MALIK

 INTRODUCTION

 FACTORS CAUSING OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES TO BROKE

 METHODS OF DETECTION OF BROKEN CONDUCTORS FOR OVER

HEAD LINES

 ALTERNATIVE METHODS ON IOT BASED APPROACH FOR DETECTION

OF BROKEN CONDUCTORS FOR OVERHEAD LINES

 METHODS OF ADOPTION OF OVERHEAD LINES

 WORKING SECTIONS

 APPLICATIONS

 CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
 A HIF is usually characterized by an
arcing fault due to broken conductors
. HIFs are very difficult to detect by the
use of traditional over current relays due
to the small magnitude of the fault current
 The situation becomes even worse if a
downed conductor touches ground on the
load side (back fed earth fault as
illustrated in fig1) or does not touch
ground at all (a broken loop)
 . The most serious type of HIF is a
downed conductor without automatic
disconnection since risk of injuries
due to fire or electric shock is present
with an energized conductor on the
ground.
 statistics Dealing with downed conductors
does not only involve some technical
issues but also several complex legal,
economic and operational matters as well
 Typhoon factors
 Lightning factors
 Overlying ice factors
 Filthy factors
 External damage factor
 Voltage based method
 The Ratio of I2 and I1 method
 Time shifting method
 d V/d t Method
 V0 and V2 Magnitude Methods
 V0 and V2 Angle Method
 Voltage based method  The Ratio of I2 and I1
method
I1F = E g (Z1+ Z0) /
(Z1Z2+Z0Z1+Z2Z0)
E g = System Voltage

Z0 = Zero sequence impedance

Z1 = Positive sequence impedance

Z2 = Negative sequence
impedance

Thus,

I1F / I2F= Z0 / (Z0+Z2)

 Time shifting
method
 d V/d t Method
 V0 and V2
Magnitude Methods
 V0 and V2 Angle
Method
 Flame Detector
 Smoke Detector
 UV Detector
 GSM Module
Architecture of Proposed System
 Flame  Smoke Detector
Detector

Fig 4. Infrared Flame Sensor

Fig 5 Smoke Sensor
 UV Detector  GSM Module

Fig 6. U V Sensor Fig 7. GSM Module

 The various sensors are
connected to the micro
controller. The microcontroller
processes the data, and checks
for any fault like spark, theft,
failure transmission line based
on the data received.
 if any abnormal condition is
detected, the microcontroller
will communicate the same to
the concerned authorities for
further actions
 we say that a fault has occurred Fig 8. Proposed System
only when the values from
combination of sensors are above
the preset threshold value
 Transmission line structure
 Type of conductor to be used
 Distance and shape of the poles
 Installing lightning arrester
 Corrosion evaluation methods for overhead lines
 The transmission line design process
 Home section
 Substation section
 Transformer section

Fig 10. Basic Block Diagram of Working Sections of Overhead Line System
a. As a measure to prevent losing of many lives modernization of existing power transmission
system has to be established all over the state in a phased manner.

b. An automatic tripping arrangement is designed here which accounts for the safety of people by
proper control automatically.

c. It can avoid accidents due to conductor snapping and there by preserve life and credibility of
utilities, and improve reliability and revenue stability.
There is a need to overhaul the power transmission system even in rural areas of the state. The
proposed equipment which will work without any human interface but serve to safeguard lives is
thus inevitable both for utility and for the valuable lives .As Electrical Engineers, we feel it as
our primary responsibility to save these precious lives from electrocution.