Articulation/ Cast mounting

• Setting up the maxillary and mandibular

model w/ base plate and wax rim) on an
articulator so that it replicates the natural
position of the jaws with ref. to the skull and
cranial base
• By this time, the jaw relation has been
completed and the maxillary and mandibuar
base plate & rims are fused together
 Armamentarium
1. Articluator:
a. Plain line articulator (for simple partial denture cases)
b. Hanau (semi- adjustable) for complex partial & complete
denture cases
c. Fully adjustable (for cast gold restorations)
2. “Base plate Wax” sheets
3. Petroleum jelly
4. Paint brush
• Cotton
• Wax knife
• Lecron carver (wax carver)
• Face bow record (if used)
• Rubber bowl
• Spatula
• Rubber band
• Bunsen burner
• Soft Plaster
 Steps
1. Preparing the model:
Block the tongue space of lower denture temporarily
2. Set up the occlusal plane with a rubber band
3. Articulate the models parallel this Bonwill’s
triangle
• Semi-adjustable articulator: An articulator which
is adjustable in one or more, but not all of the
following areas:
– condylar angle,
– Bennett slide/ Bennett shift,
– Incisal guidance,
– Shape of the glenoid fossae and eminintiae.

– By nature, this sort of articulator's use is only

meaningful if the position of the maxillae are
duplicated with respect to the hinge axis of the
mandibular condyles.
• Horizontal relation can be recorded on a semi-
adjustable articulator using Gothic arch
tracing on Centric bearing plates

• Lateral is determined using the Hanau

formula

L = H/8 + 12 (mm)
 Difference b/w Arcon and non-Arcon
Articulator
• In Arcon art. The lower member is movable
(as in nature) – so it replicates the mandible
• In Non – Arcon art. (Hanau) the upper
member is movable

***These are both; types of Semi-adjustable

articulators***
• The majority of these articulators have straight
condylar paths, however the path angle may be
changed, allowing the patient’s condylar angle to be
programmed into the articulator . This is still not a true
representation of the articular eminence as it is a flat
condylar pathway. Some semi-adjustable articulators
have average value Bennett shift/movement built into
the condylar head element, replicating the average
head shape of the condyle . This mimics the movement
of the condyles better than some ball-shaped condylar
heads found on other articulators Normally this is
achieved by the use of a face-bow.
• Fully Adjustable Articulator:
– A fully adjustable articulator is used to reproduce
more than one movement. It has a centric
relationship, protrusive and retrusive movement
and it has a left-right lateral maxillomandibular
relationship Anatomical articulator. An articulator
which attempts to reproduce normal mandibular
movements during mastication.
 Types of face-bow
• Arbitrary
• Kinematic
• Ear bow
 Arbitrary Face-bow
• It orients maxilla on an arbitrary hinge axis
1. Facia Type (With orbital indicator)
2. Ear Piece Type
 Kinematic Face-bow
• It orients jaw to actual hinge axis
Dimensions of wax rims
By means of occlusion rims the dentist can
determine
1. Length and width of artificial teeth.
2. Median line.
3. Cuspid eminences.
4. Rest bite. (Occlusal plane)
5. Working and functional bite.
6. Labial Contour.
7. High and low lip lines.
8. Maxillo-mandibular relations.
9. Anatomical relationships of jaws.
(Facial Contours)
10. Arrangement of teeth.
 Occlusion

The concepts of occlusion for natural

teeth are different from the concepts

of occlusion for complete dentures

with both cusp and cuspless teeth.

 Occlusion for balance in centric

1. There should be proper interdigitation of all the teeth.

2. There should be no cuspal interference.
3. Three point contact.

a. Lateral Movements:
One point on the working side.
Two Points on the balancing side.

b. Protrusive Movement:
One point anterior.
Two points posterior.
In natural dentition the anterior teeth should
disengage the posterior teeth.

Applying this concept to the complete denture

results in instability and breakdown of the upper
anterior ridge.
Bilateral balance is desirable in
complete dentures but is destructive in
the natural dentition.
 Canine guided occlusion
• Or “mutually protected” occlusion states that
when the canines of maxilla and mandible
touch, the posterior teeth dis-occlude i.e,
they come out of contact and vice versa
 Curves in natural dentition and for
synthetic teeth set-up The
Compensatory Curves
1. Antero posterior curve is the Curve of Spee
2. Lateral Curve is the curve of Wilson
Biometric guidelines for teeth set-up
Facial appearance
 Planes of tooth set up
Five planes are considered when arranging the
artificial teeth
1. Mesio-distal
2. Labio-lingual
3. Rotational angle
4. Occlusal plane relation (vertical)
5. Ridge relation
Guide lines for tooth arrangement in
various arch forms
Mesiodistal inclination of anterior teeth
relative to the perpendicular
 Labiolingual inclination

Max CI Max LI Max C Man CI Man LI Man C

 Rotational angle for anterior teeth

Maxillary
teeth

Mandibular
teeth
 Ridge Relation

Imaginary roots of the artificial teeth

always must extend into the
residual alveolar ridge
(Pre-resorption).
 Ridge Relation

The antero-posterior position of the

teeth should vary with the antero-
posterior relation of the residual
ridge.
Incisal/ Occlusal plane relation

Superio-inferior position of the

anterior teeth relative to the
incisal plane
Occlusal plane relation ship
Incisive papilla as reference point
 SQUARISH

Teeth Mesio- Labio- Tangent Relationship to the Arch

Distal Lingual Angle Occlusal Plane Relationship

C.I. 90º 90º 90 º Incisal edge on O.P. According to

Gnathism
L.I. 90º 88º 88º distal tip of incisal ,,
edge nearer to the O.P.
C. 90º 90º 45º Incisal tip on the O.P. ,,

1st P.M. 90º 90º 90º Buccal cusp on the O.P. ,,

2nd P.M. 90º 90º 90º Both buccal & lingual ,,

cusps on the O.P.
1st M. 92º 92º 90º Mesio-palatal on O.P. ,,
Disto-palatal farthest.
2nd M. 95º 95º 90º No cusp touching O.P. ,,
Disto-buccal farthest
Mesio-palatal nearest.
 TAPERING

Teeth Mesio- Labio- Tangent Relationship to the Arch

Distal Lingual Angle Occlusal Plane Relationship

C.I. 85º 85º 85º Incisal edge on O.P. According to

Gnathism
L.I. 75º 75º 75º Incisal edge not touching ,,
O.P. Distal tip nearer
C. 88º 90º 45º Incisal tip on the O.P. ,,

1st P.M. 90º 90º 90º Buccal cusp on the O.P. ,,

2nd P.M. 90º 90º 90º Both buccal & lingual ,,

cusps on the O.P.
1st M. 92º 92º 90º Mesio-palatal on O.P. ,,
Disto-palatal farthest.
2nd M. 95º 95º 90º No cusp touching O.P. ,,
Disto-buccal farthest
Mesio-palatal nearest.
 Ovoid

Teeth Mesio- Labio- Tangent Relationship to the Arch

Distal Lingual Angle Occlusal Plane Relationship

C.I. 87/88º 87/88º 87/88º Incisal edge on O.P. According to

Gnathism
L.I. 80/86º 80/86º 80/86º distal tip of incisal ,,
edge nearer to the O.P.
C. 90º 90º 45º Incisal tip on the O.P. ,,

1st P.M. 90º 90º 90º Buccal cusp on the O.P. ,,

2nd P.M. 90º 90º 90º Both buccal & lingual ,,

cusps on the O.P.
1st M. 92º 92º 90º Mesio-palatal on O.P. ,,
Disto-palatal farthest.
2nd M. 95º 95º 90º No cusp touching O.P. ,,
Disto-buccal farthest
Mesio-palatal nearest.
Arranging artificial teeth in
laboratory
• Setting up posterior teeth
Posterior teeth are set in a straight line
from the distal aspect of the canine to
the center of the ridge
1. Anterior teeth touch the occlusal plane
2. Maxillary 1st pre molar NIETHER cusp touches
the occlusal plane but the palatal cusp is
closer to it
3. Max 2nd premolar BOTH cusps TOUCH the o.p
4. Max 1st Molar Mesio-palatal cusp touches
the occlusal while the disto buccal is farthest
from it i.e, mesial, buccal tilt for set up
5. Max 2nd Molar niether cusp touches the o.p
& the m.p cusp is closest to it
Mistakes in tooth set-up
F and v sounds
Sixty, sixty six,
Air leakage
Clicking sound
Fullness of Face
Syllables
Consonants
Bi labial
Labio dental
Fricatives