SAFETY PRACTICES IN

SPORTS AND EXERCISE

WHAT ARE INJURIES?
Injuries are damaged tissues
or organs which occur when it
encounters trauma or physical
force that is greater than what it
can resist or absorb.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ABILITY OF OUR
TISSUES OR ORGANS TO EFFECTIVELY RESIST
OR ABSORB FORCES
• Inherent abnormality
• Age
• Technique
• Fitness level
• Equipment
• Environmental aspects
Tissues and organs that react to impact and
direction of the force:

• TENSILE FORCES – are those that act away from

the center of the structure, causing a pull or
stretch.
• COMPRESSIVE FORCES - impact the center
causing it to bend or fold.
• SHEAR FORCES – are opposing forces toward the
different ends of the structure causing it to twist.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SPORTS INJURIES

1. ACUTE INJURIES
Have signs and symptoms (e.g.,
pain, swelling) that manifest
immediately after force
application.
EXAMPLES OF ACUTE INJURIES

1. SPRAINS
Are overstretched
ligaments.
Can be classified as mild,
moderate, and severe,
depending on the loss of
function and the number of
torn fibers.
2. STRAINS

Are caused by
excessive stretching
that causes tears in
the muscle tendon
unit.
3. FRACTURES

Are breaks in the

continuity of the bone. It
usually occurs as a result
of high impact forces
that cause the bone to
bend or twist.
•
4. DISLOCATION

Are bones that

are pushed out
from their joint
capsule.
5. CONTUSION

Contusion is an
infiltration
or extravasion of blood into
the tissue due to rupture of
vessels by the application of
blunt force.
 2. CHRONIC/OVERUSE INJURIES

Have signs and

symptoms that occur after
a long period of
exposure to the force.
EXAMPLES OF CHRONIC/OVERUSE INJURIES

1. STRESS FRACTURE
Stress fractures are tiny cracks in a
bone.
Fractures are caused by the repetitive
application of force often by overuse
such as repeatedly jumping up and
down or running long distances.
2. TENDINOPATHY/TENDITIS

The most common

overuse injury in sports
involves the muscle-tendon.
It
usually due to muscle
imbalance between muscle
pairs.
3. OSTEOARTHRITIS

It is the wear
and tear of a
joint that results
to its
deterioration.
4. BURSITIS
Bursa is a small balloon like sac
that can be found around joints and
other moving parts of body such as
shoulder, elbow, knee, foot and
ankle. When bursa is inflamed and
filled with fluid, the condition is
known as bursitis and can be the
cause of discomfort and pain.
SPORTS INJURY PREVENTION

1. Adopt a Comprehensive Training Program

2. Use protective equipment and practice
correct technique
3. Incorporate recovery strategies in the
training program
4. Follow rules and decorum during
competition
ACTIVITY
1. Identify two equipment that can be used to decrease risk of
injury in the following sports.
Sports Equipment 1 Equipment 2
Basketball
Taekwondo
Baseball
Badminton

2. Choose one sport from the table above and suggest rule changes
that can help decrease the risk of getting an injury.
 SYNTHESIS
1. Identify a trainable or modifiable factor
that can lead to the greatest reduction in
acute injuries.
2. Describe how poor technique contributes
to overuse injury.
 EVALUATION
Complete the following statements.
1. I will protect myself ….
2. I will follow …..
3. I will make sure before engaging in any physical
activity/sports….
4. I will be aware….
5. I will prevent myself from sports injuries by ….