Integration of

Sustainable Energy
in Sumba Island,
Indonesia
Aalto, 18 May 2018

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+1 Billion people lack access to electricity.
Energy Poverty is a challenge.
Sumba Island 2010

24% electrified
Population: 650.000

2016
1,000+ home biogas systems
16 microhydro units OBJECTIVES 43% electrified
14,000+ Solar PV systems
100 wind systems • Create an
innovative rural
energy access
model
• Encourage local
entrepreneurship

Electrification by 2010
Electrification by 2016
No electrification
DOKA KAKA

Ratewana

Tambera
 Stakeholders

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Value Proposition

Broad Impact Access to Lighting Untap Huge

≠ Potential of
Tackle income and
skillset differences Access to Energy Working Hours
Access to sole lighting Basic daily tasks require a
does not encourage lot of time in a condition
entrepreneurship of poor energy access

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 Value Proposition

Time Availability

Access to
Energy

Broad Impact Miller!

Huller!
 Load Assessment
DRY SEASON WET SEASON

• Power Peak Demand: 4.5 kW • Power Peak Demand: <1 kW

• Average Daily Energy Consumption: 9.6 kWh • Average Daily Energy Consumption: 2.5 kWh
[kJ/h]

[kJ/h]
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 Microgrid Design &
Village Layout
Ratewana

100 m

100 m
Tambera
500 m
Microgrid Design Procedure
Assumptions
50% of the population
connected
90% demand satisfaction

AC Operating Voltage
Ease of maintenance
Reduced the number of
converters/inverters
TRNSYS Simulation
 Simulation Results
DRY SEASON WET SEASON

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Community Training and Awareness
 Community Training and Awareness

Stakeholders Sumbanese
Stakeholders
Community

Action Plan
Data Gathering
Literature Review

FIELD TRIP Documentary

Series
•Observatio Pamphlets
Context
n Trainings

•Focus
Group
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Discussions
Focus Group Discussions
Selected areas:
•Tambera (Western Sumba) with SHF
•Kambauni (Eastern Sumba) with HIVOS

To conceive:
•Economic activities
•Energy accessibility/usage
•Entrepreneurial spirit
•Daily habits of the community members
•Structure of the village
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 Action Plan
Equipment Information Pamphlets
How to use the equipment to ensure long life
• Maintenance
• Common faults and how to repair them
• Best practices for long life
• Lifetime of the appliance
• End of use and disposal

Documentary Series
Raise awareness on sustainable habits.
Target audiences : children and adults
• Environmental aspect
• Importance of women empowerment
• Training activities
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 Business Models

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 Different Business Lines
Increasing
Business
Experience
Required

Agricultural Energy Kiosk Biogas Digester

Machines
and Microgrid
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Financial Sustainability.1
Repayment of Initial Investment

- Hivos takes care of the investment cost

- The businesses gradually pay back the
investment (10 years PBT, 5%
inflation+interest)
- Hivos’s ownership of the project’s
assets finishes when the investment is
payed back in full. Future revenues go
entirely to the businesses.

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 Business Structure
Biodigester Family 1

Biodigester Families
Biodigester Family 2
Consortium

Biodigester Family X

Energy Coop
Machine Agent 1
• Investment Holder
• Maintenance & Business
Cooperative
Machine Agent 2

Installation Company
Machine Agent X

Grid User 1

Grid Users Grid User 2

Grid User X
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Financial Sustainability.2
Subsidization of Less Profitable Businesses
Biodigester
Family 1
Biodigester
Biodigester
Family 2
Biodigester RESULT:
Family X
Energy System

The least profitable

Machine Agent 1
businesses can be
Machines and
Kiosk
Machine Agent 2 offered at a
reasonable price
Machine Agent X
without increasing the
Grid User 1 payback time
Microgrid Grid User 2

Grid User X

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 Bio-Digestor Business Model
Biogas
Consumers
Manure

BioDigestor
Families Collected Manure
Consortium
Biogas

Bioslurry

Revenue Stream
Other
Manure Villagers Biogas Stove
Collection

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 Many thanks to

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 Questions?

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 Backup Slides

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Project Timeline
Work Packages Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

WP1: Sumba Island Structure

WP2: Research for funding opportunities

WP5: Community Education and

Development

WP3: New infrastructures proposals

WP4: Interconnection of Renewable

Energy Systems

WP6: Business Models

Final Report

Today 1st Project Report Interim Report 1st Project Report Final Report – Spring Seminar

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Subsidy 1: 32 Households
Subsidy 2: 50 Households

USD/kWh with subsidy USD/kWh with subsidy

IDR 1 2

Rp 550.00 $0.89 $0.53

Rp 605.00 $0.76 $0.34

Rp 660.00 $0.63 $0.15

Rp 676.00 $0.60 $0.09

Rp 715.00 $0.52 -$0.04

Rp 770.00 $0.40 -$0.23

Rp 825.00 $0.27 -$0.43

Rp 880.00 $0.15 -$0.60

Rp 907.00 $0.09 -$0.69

Costs for 32 Costs of Services Different # of
Households Households
Investment Capacity Capacity $ 0.4500
Machine based Based based Minimized
Price [$] Annuity Annuity Cost/kg Cost $ 0.4000 Average cost Dry
$ $

Agricultural Service Cost

Rice Huller 2,550.00 $414.41 $176.60 $166.51 $ 0.00916 0.03243
$ 0.3500
Average (Dry &
$ 0.3000 Rainy)
Crushing $ $
Machine 1,305.00 $275.84 $647.52 $610.52 $ 0.10254 0.03243 $ 0.2500
$ $
Slice Cutter 435.00 $88.71 $0.00 $0.00 $ 0.06939 0.03243 $ 0.2000
Corn $ $
Sheller 1,131.00 $230.65 $147.16 $138.75 $ 0.00821 0.03243 $ 0.1500

Vacuum $ $
$ 0.1000
Sealer 333.50 $82.04 $0.00 $33.00 $ 0.04871 0.03243 $ 0.0500
Cassava $ $ $-
Grater 1,000.50 $194.32 $0.00 $55.50 $ 0.20879 0.03243
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Number of HH