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UNIT – IV
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
• M – Machine
• M – Material
• M – Money
• (3) minor
• (4) Serious
Causes of Accident.
• 1. Technical causes i.e. unsafe conditions
• 2. Human causes i.e. unsafe acts — Personal factors.
I. Technical Causes
• Technical Causes :-Unsafe conditions reflect deficiencies in
plant, equipment, tools, material handling system, and
general work environment etc.
• Mechanical causes or factors
(1) Unsafe mechanical design/construction
(2) Hazardous arrangement (over loading etc.)
(3) Improper machine casing / guarding
(4) improper material handling.
(5) Leaking acid valve
(6) Untested pressure vessels.
Environmental Factor Causes
• Environmental factors indicate improper physical and
atmospheric surrounding conditions of work which
indirectly promote the occurrence of accidents.
(1) Too low temperature to cause Shivering.
(2) Too high temperature to cause headache or sweating.
(3) Too high humidity to cause uncomforting, (tiredness)
and drowsiness(sleepiness).
(4) Defective and improper illumination(lighting) causing
eyestrain, shadows etc.
Cont.
• (5) High speed of work because of huge work load.
• (8) Noise, bad smell and flash coming from the nearby
machinery, equipment or processes.
• Physical Hazards
• Mechanical Hazards
• Chemical Hazards
• Biological Hazards
Main Objects:
1. Fencing of machinery.
5. Self-acting machines.