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WHAT ARE YOU DOING

BEFORE ENTERING MY
CLASS?

MISS RHURU
PHRASES
a phrase
a. is a group of words without a
finite verb
b. is a small group of related words
within a sentence or clause
English grammar phrases act
like parts of speech. In other
words, they can act as nouns,
verbs, adjectives, adverbs and
preposition
TYPES OF PHRASES
1. ENGLISH NOUN PHRASES
2. ENGLISH VERB PHRASES
3. ENGLISH ADJECTIVE PHRASES
4. ENGLISH ADVERB PHRASES
5. ENGLISH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
what am I?
1. Buy a big bright green pleasure
machine!"
(Paul Simon): ______
2. "I could dance with you until the cows
come home. On second thought I'd rather
dance with the cows until you come home."
(Groucho Marx) : ______
3. "Your father may be going away for a little
while.“ (Ellen Griswold in Vacation, 1983) :
______
what am I?
4. "Movements born in hatred very
quickly take on the characteristics of
the thing they oppose."
(J. S. Habgood) :___________
5. "It is always the best policy to speak
the truth--unless, of course, you are an
exceptionally good liar."
(Jerome K. Jerome) :___________
NOUN PHRASE
A noun phrase is word group with a noun or
pronoun as its head.

The simplest noun phrase consists of a single


noun, as in the sentence "Bells were ringing." The
head of a noun phrase can be accompanied by
modifiers, determiners (such as the, a, her), and/or
complements, as in "The cheerful bells of the
church were ringing.“

A noun phrase (often abbreviated as NP) most


commonly functions as a subject, object, or
• "Panting, Harry fell forwards over the hydrangea
bush, straightened up and stared around."
(J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Order of the
Phoenix. Bloomsbury, 2003)

• "The home of the Little family was a pleasant


place near a park in New York City."
(E.B. White, Stuart Little. Harper, 1945)

• "When the story was finished, I read it to my


teacher, and I recall now vividly the pleasure I felt
in the more beautiful passages."
(Helen Keller, The Story of My Life, 1903)
VERB PHRASE
(1) In traditional grammar, a verb phrase
(often abbreviated as VP) is a word group
that includes a main verb and its auxiliaries
(helping verbs). Also called a verbal phrase.

(2) In generative grammar, a verb phrase is


a complete predicate: that is, a lexical verb
and all the words governed by that verb
except a subject.
VERB PHRASE
The verb phrase contains anything which
follows the verb within the same sentence.

The verb phrase contains the auxiliary verbs


which precede the verb (i.e. words like
might, could, should, have, be and do) and
the negation word not.
• "I did not invent Irish dancing."
(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)

• "In the beginning the Universe was created. This has


made a lot of people very angry and been widely
regarded as a bad move."
(Douglas Adams)

• "After I die I shall return to earth as the doorkeeper of


a bordello, and I won't let a one of you in.“
(Arturo Toscanini)

• "And as for Gussie Fink-Nottle, many an experienced


undertaker would have been deceived by his
appearance and started embalming him on sight."
(P.G. Wodehouse, Right Ho, Jeeves, 1934)
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
an adjective phrase is a group of words
that functions as an adjective in a
sentence. An adjective headword may
be accompanied by modifiers,
determiners, and/or qualifiers .
Adjective phrases modify nouns.
• After Don's accident, his behavior grew
stranger and stranger.

• "'You want a second opinion? O.K.' says


the doctor. 'You're ugly, too.' She liked that
joke. She thought it was terribly, terribly
funny."
(Lorrie Moore, "You're Ugly, Too," 1990)
ADVERB PHRASE
• An adverb phrase (or adverbial phrase) is a
word group with an adverb as its head. This
adverb may be accompanied by modifiers or
qualifiers.

• An adverb phrase can modify a verb, an


adjective, another adverb, or even an entire
sentence or main clause. As show below, it
can appear in a number of different positions
in a sentence
• The Cheshire Cat vanished quite slowly, beginning
with the end of its tail.

• The players responded surprisingly well to all the


pressures of the playoffs.

• The best way to preserve the flavor and texture of


fresh vegetables is to cook them as quickly as
possible.

• As quickly as possible we cleaned the fish and


placed them in coolers.

• The air was warm, stirred only occasionally by a


breeze.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
• The combination of a preposition and a noun
phrase is called a prepositional phrase.

• Prepositions commonly convey the following


relationships: agency (by); comparison (like,
as . . . as); direction (to, toward, through);
place (at, by, on); possession (of); purpose
(for); source (from, out of); and time (at,
before, on).
• "To this day, I remain impressed by the ability of
Britons of all ages and social backgrounds to get
genuinely excited by the prospect of a hot
beverage."
(Bill Bryson, Notes From a Small Island.
Doubleday, 1995)

• "We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty."


(Edward R. Murrow)

• "[H]e was there on some chance of feeling the


brush of the wing of the stray spirit of youth."
• (Henry James, The Ambassadors, 1903)

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