Basic Cisco Router

Path # 2
Getting Started
@2004 All rights Created by Mr. Sopon Tumchota

CHAPTER 1
User Interface

Objectives
 Upon completion of this chapter, you
will be able to perform the following
tasks :
Log into a router in both user and
privileged modes
Use the context sensitive help facility
Use the command history and editing
features
Log out of the router

Logging in to the Router: Cisco IOS
Console
Router con0 is now available
Press RETURN to get started.
User Access Verification

Password:
Router>
Router> enable
Password: User mode prompt
Router#
Router# disable
Privileged mode prompt
Router>
Router> quit

Cisco IOS User-mode Help
Router> ?
Exec commands:
connect Open a terminal connection
disconnect Disconnect an existing telnet session
enable Turn on privileged commands
exit Exit from the EXEC
help Description of the interactive help system
lock Lock the terminal
login Log in as a particular user
logout Exit from the EXEC
name-connection Name an existing telnet connection
ping Send echo messages
resume Resume an active telnet connection
show Show running system information
systat Display information about terminal lines
telnet Open a telnet connection
terminal Set terminal line parameters
where List active telnet connections
Router>

Cisco IOS Privileged-mode Help
Router# ?
Exec commands:
bfe For manual emergency modes setting
clear Reset functions
clock Manage the system clock
configure Enter configuration mode
connect Open a terminal connection
copy Copy a config file to or from a tftp server
debug Debugging functions
disable Turn off privileged commands
disconnect Disconnect an existing telnet session
enable Turn on privileged commands
exit Exit from the EXEC
help Description of the interactive help system
llc2 Execute llc2 tests
lock Lock the terminal
login Log in as a particular user
logout Exit from the EXEC
-- More --

Context Sensitive Help
Router# clok
Translating “ CLOK “
% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address
Router# cl? Router# clock set 19:56:00

clear clock % Incomplete command.
Router# clock Router# clock set 19:56:00 ?

% Incomplete command. <1-31> Day of this month
MONTH Month of this year
Router# clock ?
set Set the time and date Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 8
. ^
Router# clock set % Invalid input detected at the ‘ ^ ‘ marker
% Incomplete command.
Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August
Router# clock set ? % Incomplete command.
Current Time (hh:mm:ss)
Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August ?
<1993-2035> Year
• Symbolic Translation
• Keyword Completion • Command Prompting
• Last Command Recall <Ctrl><P> • Syntax Checking (^)

Editing Features
Router> $ value for our customers, employees, investors, and partners.
Automatic scrolling of long lines.

<Ctrl><A> Move to the beginning of the command line.
<Ctrl><E> Move to the end of the command line.
<Esc><B> Move back one word.
<Ctrl><F> Move forward one character.
<Ctrl><B> Move back one character.
<Esc><F> Move forward one word

Related Features
<Ctrl><P> or Up arrow Last (previous) command recall
<Ctrl><N> or Down arrow More recent command recall
Router> Show history Show command buffer
Router> terminal history number-of-lines Set command buffer size
Router> no terminal editing Disable advanced editing features
Router> terminal editing Re-enable advanced editing

<Tab> Entry completion

Summary
 Using the router
Log in with user password
Enter privileged mode with enable password
Disable or quit
 Advanced help features
Command completion
Command prompting
Syntax checking
 Advanced editing features
Automatic line scrolling
Cursor controls
History buffer with command recall

CHAPTER 2
Router Basic

Objectives
tasks:
Describe the configuration components
of a router
Describe router modes
Use commands to examine router
elements
Remotely access a router
Test network connectivity

External Configuration Components
Virtual
Terminals
Interfaces VTY 0-4

Console Port
Auxiliary Port
TFTP Server
Network
Management
Station
• Configuration information can come from many sources

Internal Configuration Components
RAM NVRAM Flash ROM
Console
Interfaces
Auxiliary

RAM for Working Storage
RAM
Bootstrap Program
Command
Internetwork Operating System
Executive
Active
Programs Configuration Tables Buffers
File

Contents of other Storage
NVRAM Flash ROM

Bootstrap
Backup Program
Configuration Operating Systems Subset
File Operating
System

Modes
User EXEC Mode Global Configuration Mode
Limited examination of
Simple configuration commands.
router. Remote Access.
Router> Router(config)#
Privileged EXEC Mode Other Configuration Modes

Detailed examination of router. Complex and multi-line configurations.
Debugging and Testing. File
manipulation. Remote access.
Router# Router(config-mode)#
SETUP Mode RXBOOT Mode

Prompted dialog used to establish Catastrophic recovery in the case of a
an initial configuration. lost password or the operating system
being accidentally erased from flash.

Examining Router Status
Router# show version Router# show interface
RAM NVRAM Flash

I
Internetwork Operating System n
Backup t
Operating e
Active Configuration r
Systems
f
Programs Configuration Memory a
File c
File e
s
Router# show processes CPU Router# show memory
Router# show protocols Router# show stacks Router# show flash
Router# show buffers
Router# show running-config Router# show startup-config

Router# write term Router# show config

show processes CPU Command
Router# show process CPU
CPU utilization for five seconds: 0%/0%; one minute; 1%; five minutes: 1%
PID Runtime (ms) Invoked uSecs 5Sec 1Min 5Min TTY Process
1 813940 9920 82050 0% 0% 0% 0 Check heaps
2 2840 291254 9 0% 0% 0% 0 Timers
3 4 9 444 0% 0% 0% 0 ARP Input
4 0 1 0 0% 0% 0% 0 Probe Input
5 0 1 0 0% 0% 0% 0 RARP Input
6 134236 388650 345 0% 0% 0% 0 IP Input
7 224 121420 1 0% 0% 0% 0 TCP Timer
8 0 2 0 0% 0% 0% 0 TCP Protocols
9 0 1 0 0% 0% 0% 0 BOOTP Server
10 64 2089 30 0% 0% 0% 0 MOP Protocols
11 208 248 838 0% 0% 0% 0 Net Background
12 44 256 171 0% 0% 0% 0 Logger
13 61700 33587 1837 0% 0% 0% 0 Exec
14 247688 596031 415 0% 0% 0% 0 TTY Background
15 4848 60939 79 0% 0% 0% 0 Net Input
16 240108 9934 24170 0% 0% 0% 0 Per-minute Jobs
17 1162544 370990 3133 0% 0% 0% 0 DECnet Input
18 421804 390114 1081 0% 0% 0% 0 DECnet Routing
19 7116 59212 120 0% 0% 0% 0 XNS Input
20 2936 58933 49 0% 0% 0% 0 XNS Protocols
21 73636 91008 809 0% 0% 0% 0 XNS Router
-- More --

show version Command
Router# show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 4000 Software (xx-k), Version 10.2(0.8), BETA TEST SOFTWARE
Copyright (c) 1986-1994 by Cisco System, Inc.
Compiled Wed 10-Aug-94 10:30 by kmac
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version (5), SOFTWARE
Router uptime is 6 days, 21 hours, 34 minutes

System restarted by power-on
System image file is 10p2.4 , booted via flash
Cisco 4000 (68030) processor (revision 0xA0) with 1638K/1024K bytes of memory.
Processor board serial number 00000051
X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2, BFE and GOSIP compliant.
Bridging softwares.
2 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interfaces.
2 Serial network interfaces.
128K of non-volatile configuration memory.
4096K bytes of processor board System flash. (Read/Write mode)
Configuration register is 0xF

show running-config Command and
show startup-config Command
Router# show running-config Router# show startup-config

Using 5057 out of 32768 bytes
Current configuration:
!
!
enable-password san-fran
enable-password san-fran
!
!
interface Ethernet 0
ip address 131.108.100.5 255.255.255.0 ip address 131.108.100.5 255.255.255.0
!
!
-- More --
-- More --
• Use write terminal with • Use show config with

Release 10.3 and lower Release 10.3 and lower

show flash Command
Router# show flash

System flash directory:
File name/status
1 10p2.4
[2572632 bytes used, 1621672 bytes available]

show protocols Command
Router# show protocols
Global values:
Internet Protocol routing is enabled
DECNET routing is enabled
XNS routing is enable
CLNS routing is enabled (address 47.0005.80ff.f800.0000.ffff.0021.1830.0812.8002.00)
Vines routing is enabled
Appletalk routing is enabled
Novell routing is enabled
-- More --
Ethernet 0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 183.8.128.2, subnet mask is 255.255.255.128
Decnet cost is 5
XNS address is 3010.aa00.0400.0248
CLNS enabled
Vines metric is 32
AppleTalk address is 3012.93, zone ld-e0
Novell address is 3010.aa00.0400.0284
-- More --

Summary
 The router consists of configurable
components
 The router has modes for examining,
maintaining, and changing the
components
 Show commands are used for
examination
 Access other routers with Telnet
 Test network connectivity layer by layer
 Testing commands include ping, trace,
and debug.
CHAPTER 3
Initial Configuration

Objectives
task:
Describe the startup sequence of the
router
Use the setup mode to generate an
initial configuration

Startup Sequence
RAM
ROM Bootstrap Load Bootstrap
Flash Cisco Locate and Load
Internetwork
TFTP Server Operating System
Operating
ROM System
NVRAM Locate and Load

Configuration File
Configuration
TFTP Server or
File
Enter ‘setup’ mode
Console

Setup: The System Config Dialog
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
At any point you may enter a question mark ‘?’ for help.
Refer to this ‘Getting Started’ Guide for additional help.
Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
Default setting are in square brackets ‘[]’.
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes]:
First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]:
Any interface listed with OK? value “NO” does not have a valid configuration
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

TokenRing0 unassigned NO not set down down
Ethernet0 unassigned NO not set down down
Serial0 unassigned NO not set down down
Fddi0 unassigned NO not set down down

Setup Global Parameters
Configuring global parameters:
Enter host name [Router]: sandbox

Enter enable password: shovel
Enter virtual terminal password: pail
Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]:
Configure IP ? [yes]:
Configure IGRP routing? [yes]:
Your IGRP autonomous system number [1]: 200
Configure DECnet? [no]:
Configure XNS? [no]:
Configure Novell? [no]: yes
Configure Apollo? [no]:
Configure AppleTalk? [no]: yes
Multizone networks? [no]: yes
Configure Vines? [no]:
Configure bridging? [no]:

Setup Interface Parameters
Configuring interface parameters:
Configuring interface RokenRing0:

Is this interface in use? [yes]:
TokenRing ring speed (4 or 16)? [16]:
Configure IP on this interface? [no]: yes
IP address for this interface: 131.108.92.67
Number of bits in subnet field [0]:
Class B network is 131.108.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is 255.255.0.0
Configure Novell on this interface? [no]: yes
Novell network number [1]:
Configuring interface Serial0:

Is this interface in use? [yes]:
Configure IP on this interface? [yes]:
Configure IP unnumbered on this interface? [no]:
IP address for this interface: 131.108.97.67
Number of bits in subnet field [0]:
Class B network is 131.108.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is 255.255.0.0
Configure Novell on this interface? [yes]: no
Configuring interface Serial1:

Is this interface in use? [yes]: no

Setup Script Review
The following configuration command script was created:
hostname sandbox interface TokenRing0
enable password shovel ip address 131.108.92.67 255.255.0.0
line vty 0 4 novell network 1
password pail no mop enable
snmp-server community !
! interface Serial0
ip routing
no decnet routing ip address 131.108.97.67 255.255.0.0
no xns routing
novell routing interface Serial1
no apollo routing shutdown
no appletalk routing !
no clns routing router igrp 200
no vines network 131.108.0.0
no bridge
no mop enabled !
! end
-- More --
Use this configuration? [yes/no]: yes
[OK]
Use the enabled mode ‘configure’ command to modify this
configuration.
• The script is stored in NVRAM as a backup configuration file

Related Commands
Router# show startup-config
(show config)*
Router# show running-config

(write term)*
Router# erase startup-config

(show config)*
Router# reload
Router# setup
• Use these commands for routers running Release 10.3 or earlier

Summary
 The router goes through an
initialization sequence to load the
operating system and configuration
file
 If no configuration file can be found,
the router enters setup mode,
prompting the console user for an
initial configuration
 A backup copy of the new
configuration is stored in NVRAM

CHAPTER 4
Router Configuration

Objectives
task:
Manage configuration files from the
privileged EXEC mode of the router
Move between the various configuration
of a router
Control router passwords,
identification, and banner

Working with 11.0 Config Files
Console or Terminal config term
show running-config
show startup-config copy startup-config

running-config
erase startup-config
copy running-config RAM
NVRAM startup-config
copy tftp running-config

Bit bucket TFTP Server
(IP Only) copy running-config tftp
• Use these commands for routers running Cisco IOS Release 11.0 or later

Working with Prior Config Files
Console or Terminal config term
write term
show config
config mem
write mem RAM

write erase NVRAM
config net
Bit bucket TFTP Server
(IP Only) write net
• Use these commands for routers running Cisco IOS Release 10.3 or earlier

Using a TFTP Server
tokyo# copy running-config tftp
Remote host []? 131.108.2.155
Name of configuration file to write [Router-confg]? tokyo.2
Write file tokyo.2 to 131.108.2.155? [confirm] y
Writing tokyo.2 !!!!!!!! [OK]
tokyo# RAM
tokyo# copy tftp running-config

Host or network configuration file [host]?
IP address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.2.155
Name of configuration file [Router-confg]? tokyo.2
Configuration using tokyo.2 from 131.108.2.155? [confirm] y
Booting tokyo.2 from 131.108.2.155: !! [OK-874/16000 bytes] RAM
tokyo#

Using NVRAM with Release 11.0
Router# copy startup-config running-config
[OK]
NVRAM
Router# RAM
Router# erase startup-config
[OK] NVRAM
Router#
Bit bucket
tokyo# copy running-config startup-config
tokyo# NVRAM
RAM
tokyo# show startup-config
Using 5057 out of 32768 bytes NVRAM

!
enable-password san-fran Terminal
!
ip address 131.108.100.5 255.255.255.0
!
-- More --

Using NVRAM with Prior Versions
Router# configure memory
[OK]
NVRAM
Router# RAM
Router# write erase
[OK] NVRAM
Router#
Bit bucket
tokyo# write memory
[OK] NVRAM RAM
tokyo#
tokyo# show configuration
Using 5057 out of 32768 bytes NVRAM

!
enable-password san-fran Terminal
!
interface Ethernet 0 • Use these commands
ip address 131.108.100.5 255.255.255.0 for routers running
! Cisco IOS Release 10.3
-- More --
or earlier

Router Modes
• User Exec Mode Router>
<Ctrl><z>
• Privileged Exec Mode Router#
• GLOBAL Configuration Mode Router(config)# Exit
Other
Configuration
Modes
Configuration Mode Prompt
Interface Router(config-if)#
Subinterface Router(config-subif)#
Controller Router(config-controller)#
Map-list Router(config-map-list)#
Map-class Router(config-map-class)#
Line Router(config-line)#
Router Router(config-router)#
IPX router Router(config-ipx-router)#
Router map Router(config-route-map)#

Configuration Modes
Router# config term
Router(config)# : : :
• Global Configuration Mode
Router(config)# (commands) Used for simple
Router(config)# : : : configurations requiring
one command line
Router(config)# router protocol
Router(config-router)# : : :
Router(config-router)# (commands)
Router(config-router)# : : :
Router(config-router)# exit • Other Configuration Modes
Router(config)# interface type port Used for complicated
Router(config-if)# : : : configurations requiring
Router(config-if)# (commands) multiple command lines
Router(config-if)# : : :
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)# exit
Router#

IP Routing Protocol Mode
Router(config)# router ?
bgp Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
egp Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
igrp Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
isis ISO IS-IS
iso-igrp IGRP for OSI networks
ospf Open Short Path First (OSPF)
rip Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
static Static CLNS Routing
Router(config)# router rip

Router(config-router)# ?
Router configuration commands:
default-information Control distribution of default information
default-metric Set metric of redistributed routes
distance Define an administrative distance
distribute-list Filter networks in routing updates
exit Exit from routing protocol configuration mode
-- More --

Interface Configuration Mode
Router(config)# interface type port
Router(config)# interface type slot/port
• type can be serial, ethernet, tokenring, fddi, hssi, loopback,

dialer, null, async, atm, bri, tunnel.
Router(config-if)# shutdown
• For a serial interface to provide Router(config)# interface serial 1/0

clocking(DCE), a clockrate Router(config-if)# bandwidth 56
command is required Router(config-if)# clockrate 56
Router(config)# interface tokenring 2/0

• On a Token Ring, the ring
Router(config-if)# early-token release
speed must be specified
Router(config-if)# ring-speed 16
• On model 4000 routers, Router(config)# interface ethernet 2

Ethernet media-type selects Router(config-if)# media-type 10baset
the connector

Release 11.x Configuration Methods
Make changes in
configuration modes.
Examine results.
Router# show running-config
Intended No
Results? Remove changes.
Yes
Router(config)# no . . .
Save changes to backup.
Router# copy running-config startup-config Router# copy startup-config
Router# copy running-config tftp running-config
Router# copy tftp running-config

Examine backup file. Router# erase startup-config
Router# show startup-config Router# reload

Prior Configuration Methods
Make changes in
configuration modes.
• Use these commands for
Examine results. routers running Cisco IOS
Router# write term Release 10.3 or earlier
Intended No
Results? Remove changes.
Yes
Router(config)# no . . .
Save changes to backup.
Router# write mem Router# config mem
Router# write net
Router# config net
Examine backup file. Router# write erase

Router# show config Router# reload

Password Configuration
Console Password
Router(config)# line console 0
Router(config-line)# login
Router(config-line)# password cisco
Virtual Terminal Password

Router(config)# line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)# login
Router(config-line)# password cisco
Enable Password
Router(config)# enable-password sanfran
Router(config)# enable secret sanfran *
Perform Password Encryption

Router(config)# service password-encryption
(set password here)
* Release 11.X
Router(config)# no service password-encryption

Router Identification
Router Name
Router(config)# hostname Tokyo
Tokyo#
Login Banner
Tokyo(config)# lbanner motd #
Welcome to router Tokyo
Accounting Department
3rd Floor
#
Interface Description
Tokyo(config)# sinterface e 0
Tokyo(config-if)# description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18
• Identifies which router is being accessed and configured

Summary
 The router has several modes:
 Privileged mode used for copying and managing entire
configuration files
 Global configuration mode used for one-line commands
and commands that change the entire router
 Other configuration modes used for multiple command
lines and detailed configurations
 The router provides configuration control
through multilayer password protection
 The router provides a host name, a banner,
and interface descriptions to aid in
identification

CHAPTER 5
Cisco Internetwork Operating System

Objectives
tasks:
Configure the router to load a copy of the Cisco
Internetwork Operating System (Cisco IOS)
software from
# ROM
# Flash Memory
# A TFTP Server
Upgrade the version of the Cisco IOS Software on
a router equipped with Flash memory

Locating the Cisco IOS Software
0x100 RXBOOT Mode (Manually boot using the b command)
0x101 Automatically boot from ROM
0x102-0x10F Examine NVRAM for boot system commands
Router# configure terminal

Router(config)# boot system flash IOS-filename
Router(config)# boot system IOS-filename tftp-address
Router(config)# boot system rom
[Ctrl-Z]
Router# copy running-config startup-config
Boot System Commands Not Found In NVRAM
Get default Cisco IOS Software from Flash
Flash Empty
Get default Cisco IOS Software from TFTP Server

Change the Configuration Register
Router(config)# config-register 0x10F
[Ctrl-Z]
Router# show version

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 4000 Software, Version 10.0.(1)
Copyright (c) 1986-1994 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Wed 13-Apr-94 19:59 by daveu
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version (5), SOFTWARE
Router uptime is 2 days, 10 hours, 21 minutes

System restarted by reload
System image file is unknow, booted via 131.108.13.111
Cisco 4000 (68030) processor (revision 0xA0) with 16384K/1024K

Processor ID 5008126
X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2, BFE and GOSIP compliant.
Bridging software.
2 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interfaces.
2 Serial network interfaces.
128K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
4096K bytes of flash memory sized of embedded flash.
Configuration register is 0x0 (will be 0x10F at next reload)

Bootstrap Option in Software
Flash
Router(config)# boot system flash gsnew-image
[Ctrl-Z]
Network
Router(config)# boot system test.exe 131.108.13.111
[Ctrl-Z]
ROM
Router(config)# boot system rom
[Ctrl-Z]
• Multiple boot system commands can be used to select boot preference

Create Cisco IOS Software Backup
FLASH TFTP
copy flash tftp
RAM Server
Router# show flash

4096K bytes of flash memory on embedded flash (in XX).
file offset length name
0 0x40 1204637 xk09140z
[903848/2097152 bytes free]
Router# copy flash tftp
IP address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.13.111
filename to write on tftp host? xk09140z
writing xk09140z !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
successful tftp write.
Router#
• Backup current files prior to updating Flash

Load Cisco IOS Software into Flash
FLASH TFTP
copy tftp flash
RAM Server
Router# copy tftp flash

IP address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.13.111
Name of tftp filename to copy into flash []? IJ09140Z
copy IJ09140Z from 131.108.13.111 into flash memory? [confirm] <Return>
xxxxxxxxx bytes available for writing without erasure.
erase flash before writing? [confirm] <Return>
Clearing and initializing flash memory (please wait) ####. . ##
Loading from 131.108.13.111: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (text omitted) [OK - 324572/524212 bytes]
Verifying checksum . . .
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
VVVV
VVVVVVV (text omitted)
Flash verification successful. Length = 1204637, checksum = 0x95D9

Summary
 Routers boot Cisco IOS Software from
 ROM
 Flash
 TFTP Server
Path # 3
Next to the Path#3 == Standard Protocol Suites
(TCP/IP)
@2004Allrights CreatedbyMr.Sopon Tumchota Contractat..sopont@hotmail.com

Basic Cisco Router

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Router con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.

User Access Verification

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@2004 All rights Created by Mr. Sopon Tumchota

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Router# cl? Router# clock set 19:56:00

Router# clock Router# clock set 19:56:00 ?

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Automatic scrolling of long lines.

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Router> terminal history number-of-lines Set command buffer size

Router> no terminal editing Disable advanced editing features

Router> terminal editing Re-enable advanced editing

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Interfaces VTY 0-4

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RAM NVRAM Flash ROM

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NVRAM Flash ROM

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Privileged EXEC Mode Other Configuration Modes

SETUP Mode RXBOOT Mode

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RAM NVRAM Flash

Router# show running-config Router# show startup-config

@2004 All rights Created by Mr. Sopon Tumchota

@2004 All rights Created by Mr. Sopon Tumchota

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version (5), SOFTWARE

Router uptime is 6 days, 21 hours, 34 minutes

@2004 All rights Created by Mr. Sopon Tumchota

Router# show running-config Router# show startup-config

• Use write terminal with • Use show config with

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Router# show flash

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NVRAM Locate and Load

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Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

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Enter host name [Router]: sandbox

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Configuring interface RokenRing0:

Configuring interface Serial0:

Configuring interface Serial1:

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• The script is stored in NVRAM as a backup configuration file

@2004 All rights Created by Mr. Sopon Tumchota

Router# show running-config

Router# erase startup-config

• Use these commands for routers running Release 10.3 or earlier

@2004 All rights Created by Mr. Sopon Tumchota

@2004 All rights Created by Mr. Sopon Tumchota