Pertemuan ketiga

In the method of initial rates, which is often used in conjunction with the
isolation method, the rate is measured at the beginning of the reaction for
several different initial concentrations of reactants.

v = k[A]a

vo

vo  k  Ao
a

Logaritmik persamaan tsb menjadi

Self-test 3. The initial rate of a reaction depended on concentration of a sub-
stance J as follows:

Determine the order of the reaction with respect to J and calculate the
rate constant.
3. Integrated rate laws
(a) First-order reactions

A P

dA dP
 k  A
1
v 
dt dT

d  A
  kdt
 A
A
t
d  A t

A   A  k 0 dt
o
  At
ln  kt  At   Ao e kt
 Ao
where [A]o is the initial concentration of A (at t= 0).

The exponential decay of the

reactant in a first -order reaction. The larger
the rate constant. the more rapid the decay:
here klarge = 3ksmall.
 The other equation is :

 t  o  ln  At  kt  ln  Ao

A  A e  kt

y= mx + C
Self-test 4. In a particular experiment, it was found that
the concentration of N205 in liquid bromine varied with
time as follows:

Confirm that the reaction is first-order in N205 and determine

the rate constant.
(b) Half-lives and time constants

the half-life, t I/2 , of a substance, the time taken for the

concentration of a reactant to fall to half its initial value. The time for
[A] to decrease from [A]o to 1/2[A]o in a first-order reaction is given
by eqn :

Hence
Another indication of the rate of a first -order reaction is the time
constant, '" (tau), the time required for the concentration of a
reactant to fall to lie 1/e of its initial value. From eqn above it
follows that

That is, the time constant of a first -order reaction is the reciprocal of
the rate constant:
(c) Second-order reactions

(22.15a)

To integrate eqn 22.15a we rearrange it into

Because the integral of 1/x2 is -1/x, we obtain eqn 22.15b by

substitution of the limits
Half-lives and time constants

t1/2 : [A]o  ½ [A]o

1 1
  kt
 At  Ao
1 1
  kt1/ 2
2  Ao  Ao
1

1
 kt1/ 2
 Ao
 tugas
1. Menentukan k dan orde reaksi dari reaksi hidrolisis glukosa berikut

2. Tentukan k dari data berikut:

3. Tentukan k dari proses saponifikasi berikut