Thoracic Cavity:

Pleurae & Lungs

 Thoracic Cavity
3 parts

2 pulmonary: (lat.)
lungs & pleurae (?)

Mediastinum: (central)
Heart & other str. (??)
 Pleura
Fluid filled sac that surrounds the lung

Fxn.:
 friction between ?? & ??

* As when you push your fist in

fluid filled baloon
 Compartments of Pleura
2 continuous memb. &
a cavity in between

- Visceral Pleura:
covers the lungs & follow its
curves

- Parietal Pleura:
lines thoracic wall,
mediastinum & ??

- Pleural Cavity:
space between ??
contains fluid (why?)
 Pleural Surfaces
- Costal surface
opposite to ribs & intercostal m.

- Mediastinal surface
opposite to mediastinum (med.)

- Diaphragmatic surface
opposite to ??

- Cervical pleura
extends into the neck
(2-3 cm above clavicle)
 Pleural Reflections
Curvatures between pleural surfaces

- Sternal Ref.
Sharp, ant. between ??

- Costal Ref.
Sharp, inf. between ??

- Vertebral
rounded, post. between ??
 Pleural Recesses

Recess: Deep space created by

pleural reflections

Costodiaphragmatic Recess:
space between costal &
diaphragmatic surfaces of
the pleura

Costomediastinal Recess:
space between costal &
mediastinal surfaces

* larger in Lf. side

 Neurovascular Supply to The Pleura
Parietal: (very sensitive)
Follows thoracic wall  Intercostal VAN

Diaphragmatic:
musculophrenic a.
Phrenic n.

Visceral:
Follows the lung  Bronchial a. & V.

* No innervation  insensitive
 Abnormalities in Pleural Cavity
Pneumothorax: ??? in pleural cavity
from: penetrating wounds (fractured rib)

Hemothorax: ??? In pleural cavity

from: inj. To intercostal vessel

Chylothorax: ??? in pleural cavity

from: inj. To thoracic duct

 partial lung collapse & impaired respiration

Rx.: Thoracocentesis
Thoracocentesis
 The Lungs
The vital organ of respiration

Fxn.: oxygenation of bld.

Appearance ??

Each lung have:

Apex:
extends into ??

3 surfaces:
costal, mediast., diaphragm.

3 borders:
ant., post., inf.
 Right Lung
Larger than left lung

Divides into 3 lobes:

sup., middle, inf.

in between lobes 2 fissures:

Oblique fissure:
6th CC (ant.)  T2 (post.)

Horizontal fissure:
4th CC (ant.)
 oblique fissure at ??
 Left Lung
Smaller than Rt. Because ??

2 lobes:
Sup., inf.

1 fissure:
Oblique fissure

Ant. Border:
Cardiac Notch

Lingula
(beneath the notch)
 Root & Hilum of The Lung
On Medial Surface

Root:
Str. that enter or leave the lung

Hilum:
site where the root is attached
to the lung
Arrangement of Structures In Lung Hilum

Left Lung
Right Lung
 Trachea
Fibrocartilaginous tube
(C6  Sternal angle)

In deep inspiration it reaches the

level of ?

~13 cm Length & 2.5 cm Width

Anterolat.:
U-shaped bars of hyaline catilage

Post.:
smooth muscle (trachialis)
 Bronchi
1. Main bronchi (1O):
One on each side

Extend from ?? To ??

Rt. bronchus:
Wider, shorter & more vertical

Lf. Bronchus:
Narrower, longer &
more horizontal

Relations of lf. Bronchus:

Inf. ? , Ant. ??
2. Lobar bronchi (2O):
2 lf. : sup and inf
3 Rt. : sup, middle, and inf

3. Segmental bronchi (3O):

Supply the
bronchopulmonary segments
 Bronchopulmonary Segments
(Read Your Textbook for Complete Details)
Anatomical, Functional, & Surgical units of the lung

- Subdivisions of lung lobes

- Pyramidal in shape:
apex: root, base: pleural surfaces

- Each segment has its own bld. Supply & innervation

- Separated by C.T.

- 10 in each lung

- Diseased segment can be removed surgically

(because it is a structural unit)