IEEE 802.

21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER

DCN: 21-06-0747-00-0000-Idle-Mode-and-Paging
Title: Media Independent Paging Service
Date Submitted: November, 2006
Presented at IEEE 802.21 session #17 Dallas
Authors or Source(s):
Muthaih Venkatachalam, Shweta Shrivastava, James Tsai, Emily
Qi, Vivek Gupta (Intel Corporation)
Abstract: This presentation talks about standard message and
primitive requirement in support of Media Independent Paging
Service in multi-radio environment.

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IEEE 802.21 presentation release statements
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Agenda
•Motivation
•Idle Mode and Paging
•Paging in multi radio environment
•Standard Message and Primitive Requirements

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Motivation

•For a single radio MN, idle Mode and Paging has already been
proposed independently in WiMax, 3GPP and WiFi to extend
battery standby time
•In a multi radio environment, the MN may have multiple radios
and each radio may be in “connected” or “idle” state. There is
an opportunity to provide paging service via “connected” radio
and aggregate paging messages across multi radios
– Fewer paging messages across network infrastructure
– Fewer number of active radios on MN

•Multi Radio Paging can lead to considerable power saving at

the MN and also provide radio/network/device resource
optimization at the mobile communication infrastructure

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Use Case of Idle Mode & Paging with a single Radio

Paging

Data packets

Paging
Paging
Controller

Paging Paging

Exit Idle Mode

Location Update

Data packets
Enter Idle Mode
Idle Mode
messages

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3GPP- LTE Paging
•UE enters IDLE mode when there is no activity.
•Discontinuous Reception (DRX) – UE uses DRX in IDLE mode, i.e. wakes up
periodically to check for paging messages.
•UE learns DRX cycle length upon network entry from the eNodeB.
•UE is registered at Tracking Area Level.

3GPP-LTE Network Architecture 3GPP-LTE Paging Protocols

MME/UPE MME/UPE UE eNBs in TA MME/UPE

EPC User Data

Buffer
S1 data

Check UE
state, TA
Paging Message
Paging Message

Paging Response

X2
E-UTRAN Paging Response

UP establishment
eNB eNB
Encrypted data
X2
X2

eNB

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WiMAX Paging

•Paging controller (PC) is a logical entity that administers activity of Idle mode
MS. It may be co-located with BS or ASN Gateway. A PC may monitor one or
more paging groups.
•Paging Agent (PA) entity, co-located with BS, handles the interaction between
PC and paging functionality implemented in BS.
•Location Register (LR) is a database that contains information about Idle mode
MSs.
•PC is responsible for sending paging messages and handling location updates.

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WLAN Paging
•Idle Mode Operation
– STA advertises Paging Capability Discovery
– Non-AP STA enters Idle Mode
– AP broadcasts Paging Indications (partial virtual bitmap), and STA wakes up to
receive paging indication
– Non-AP STA exits Idle Mode
•Paging Group (PG) - a group of APs in which STA can be paged
– A Mobility Domain comprises one or more Paging Groups
– A STA must reassociate if it transitions to an AP in a different Paging Group
•Paging Server
– Provides Paging Services and Paging key management
– Serves one or more Paging Groups

Paging group #1
AP
Paging Server #1
AP
AP

AP AP
AP

AP AP

AP
AP AP
Paging Server #2
AP AP

Paging group #3 Paging group #2

AP

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Paging Summary in a single radio environment

For each individual Radio,

•Key Paging Messages
– Paging Capability Discovery
– Enter/Exit Idle Mode
– Location Update (sent by MN aka Idle Mode Update)
• MS sends location update to the infrastructure
– Paging Indication (sent by infrastructure)
• MS periodically wakes up to check whether it is being paged or not

•Key Concept and Logical Entity

– Paging Group
– Paging Server (or Paging Controller)

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 Multi Radio Paging and Benefits
•In a multi radio environment, the MN may have multiple radios
and each radio may be in “connected” or “idle” states
•Multi Radio Paging Benefits
– All Paging messages via the “connected” radio
• Paging Indication Message sent via the “connected” radio
• Location Update via the “connected” radio
– Paging aggregation minimizes message exchange
• Paging Indication Message aggregation
• Location Update aggregation
• Idle Mode Enter/Exit aggregation

•Therefore, what do we need from standards ?

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Proposed Standard Engagements
•IEEE 802.21: Standard Message Primitives
– Paging capability Primitives
– Location Update Primitives
– Enter/Exit Idle Mode (Radio State update) Primitives
– Paging Indication Primitives

•IEEE 802.16, 802.11, LTE (?): MAC layer messages

– RAN specific Containers/Transport to carry above messages

•IETF/3GPP: IP Layer messages (back end)

– Messages between Paging Controllers
– Between Paging Controller and PoA (BS/AP).

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 Call to Action

•Form a study group in 802.21 to study Paging service in

multi radio environment
•Investigate requirement for standards based multi radio
primitives

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Reference

•21-06-0701-00-0000-Media independent idle mode and

paging.ppt, by Muthaih Venkatachalam (Intel
Corporation)
•11-06-0950-04-000v-wlan-paging-and-idle-mode.ppt,
by Emily Qi et al

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Backup

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Paging via “connected” radio
•Scenario
– User is browsing on the WiFi interface
– User gets a voip call on the WiMAX interface.
– WiMAX network needs to page the user

•MS receiving Paging Announcement •BS/AP Paging Announcement

Primitives: IEEE 802.21 Primitives: IEEE 802.21
•Possible Contents: Paging and Paging •Possible Contents: Paging and Paging
Media/Radio Interface Media/Radio Interface

Is your radio in connected

1a
mode in MS_a?
Is your radio in connected
1b
mode in MS_a?

Yes! r_k is in connected

2
mode in MS_a

3 Inter PC co-ordination
MSG #1, #2,
#3, #4, and
4 Paging announce on r_k
#5: IETF
to turn on r_i

5 Paging announce on r_k

to turn on r_i

BS/AP PC PC
MS_a of radio r_k of radio r_i PC of r_j
of radio r_k

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Location Update via “connected” radio
•User has WiFi connection that is currently active and WiMAX connection
that is idle.
•Instead of contending on the WiMAX airlink, MS uses the WiFi radio to
perform location update for its WiMAX radio

•MS Location Update Request/Response •BS/AP Location Update Request/Response

Primitives: IEEE 802.21 Primitives: IEEE 802.21
•Possible Contents: Paging and Paging •Possible Contents: Paging and Paging
Media/Radio Interface, Location Information Media/Radio Interface, Location Information

LU for r_k (sent on radio

r_i)

LU for r_k (sent on radio

r_i)

LU for r_k (sent on radio r_i)

All MSGs: IETF

LU_RSP for MS

LU_RSP for MS

LU_RSP for MS (sent on

r_i)

BS/AP PC PC
of radio r_i of radio r_i of radio r_k

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 Aggregated Location Update

•If the PGs are overlapping, perform a single LU operation for multiple radios.
•Minimizes messaging and processing at the MS

Extended LU for r_i,j,k (sent on

radio r_i)

Location
Update LU for r_i,j,k (sent on
radio r_i)

Message for LU for r_k (sent on radio r_i)

MSGs: IETF
Multi radio: LU for r_j (sent on radio r_i)

IEEE 802.16,
802.11 LU_RSP for MS

LU_RSP for MS

LU_RSP for MS

LU_RSP for MS (sent on

r_i)

BS/AP PC PC PC
MS of radio r_i of radio r_j of radio r_k
of radio r_i

•MS Location Update •BS/AP Location Update

Request/Response Primitives: Request/Response Primitives: IEEE
IEEE 802.21 802.21
•Possible Contents: Paging and •Possible Contents: Paging and
Paging Media/Radio Interface, Paging Media/Radio Interface,
Location Information Location Information 17
Paging-aggregation

•Page on a single idle radio to wake up multiple idle radios.

•MS receiving Paging Announcement

•BS/AP Paging Announcement Primitives: IEEE 802.21
Primitives: IEEE 802.21 •Possible Contents: Paging and Paging
Possible Contents: Paging and Media/Radio Interface
Paging Media/Radio Interface

Paging on r_i (meant for

radios r_i,j,k)

Paging on r_i (meant for

1 radios r_i,j,k)

Extended Paging
Announcement Message
for Multi radio: IEEE
802.16, 802.11
IM exit for r_i,j,k

BS/AP PC BS/PC BS/PC

MS of radio r_i of radio r_i of radio r_j of radio r_k

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 •Scenario: Multiple radios are switched to idle mode
Idle mode Entry/Exit– For example: when the user takes a break, his
WiMAX, WiFi and 3G connections may go into idle
mode
Extended Idle Mode
Request/Response messages •IM Entry/Exit for radios i, j , k happens on radio-i.
for Multi radio: IEEE 802.16,
802.11
1 IM_entry for r_i, r_j, r_k
(sent on radio r_i)

2 IM_entry for MS on r_i, r_j,

r_k (sent on radio r_i)

MSGs: IETF (IP

3 IM_entry for MS

4 IM_entry for MS Paging?)

IM_entry_RSP for MS
5
(paging parameters for r_j)

6
IM_entry_RSP for MS (contains paging params for r_k)

IM_entry_RSP for MS
7
(paging params for r_i,j,k)

IM_entry_RSP for
8 MS(paging params for
r_i,j,k)

BS/AP PC PC PC
MS of radio r_i of radio r_i of radio r_j of radio r_k

•MS Enter/Exit Idle Mode •BS/AP Enter/Exit Idle Mode

Request/Response Request/Response Primitives:
Primitives: IEEE 802.21 IEEE 802.21
•Possible Contents: Paging •Possible Contents: Paging and
and Paging Media/Radio Paging Media/Radio Interface,
Interface, Location Location Information
Information
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