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EDUCATIONAL SOCIOLOGY
Chapter 1
•Married – spouse is an entrepreneur
•2 daughters – 8 and 14 years old
Personal •Lives in Saujana Utama
Info •Origin from Kuala Lumpur
•Very meticulous
•Likes new challenges
Characters •Clean and neat
•Environmental lover
Learning Outcomes
Thisher, Whitten & Hunter (1983): “Sociology is the scientific
study of human society and social interactions. The main
focus of sociology is the group, not the individual”
Explanation:
What is Sociology?
A process of teaching, teaching & learning
especially in schools or colleges, to improve
knowledge & develop skills.
What is Education?
It is the study of how public institutions and
individual experiences affect education and its
outcomes. It is most concerned with the public
schooling systems of modern industrial societies,
including the expansion of higher, further, adult
and continuing education.
Conflict Theory
Symbolic-Interactionism
Sociological Theories
Structural-Functional Theory
- More to moral education, individual and liberty
rights, preserving and changing culture.
Conflict Theory
- More to status of people in society, education as a
maintaining power structure.
Symbolic-Interactionism
- More to what teachers and students “do” in school.
Focuses on individuals in interaction with each other.
Structural-Functionalism Theory
…continued
All social & cultural phenomena are seen as being
functional in the sense of working together to achieve this
state & are effectively deemed to have a life of their own.
Symbolic-Interactionism
…continued
Symbolic-Interactionism limit their analysis of
education to what they directly observe
happening in the classroom. They focus on
interactions between groups of peers, between
teachers and students, or between teachers and
principals; they consider student attitudes,
values, and achievement; student’s self-concepts
and their effect on aspirations; socio economic
status as it relates to student’s achievement as it
relates to student achievement; and many other
questions.
…continued
Two interaction theories useful in sociology of education are
labeling theory and rational choice (exchange theory).
Labeling: If a boy is told repeatedly that he is dumb, he
may incorporate this label – “a self-fulfilling prophesy” –
as part of his self-concept and behave as the label
suggests. With labeling theory, we can better understand
how micro-level interactions in the school contribute to
individuals’ formulations of their sense of ‘self’.
Teacher expectations of students based on categories –
race, class, ethnicity, gender affect student perceptions of
themselves and their achievements.
Rational choice: the assumptions that there are costs and
rewards involved in our interactions. If benefits outweigh
costs, they make the decision to act in order to receiving
benefits. If the costs outweigh the benefits, the individual
will choose to move in a different direction.
• Stability - any social pattern contributes to the maintenance of
society.
• It addresses the points of stress and conflict in society and the ways
they contribute to social change.
Types of Method
Aspiration for progress &
betterment – to overcome
handicaps for greater
wealth, status