Abnormal+Emergency Procedures

LECTURE TOPIC – Abnormal and Emergency ECAM Procedures

Overview
Abnormal and/or Emergency Occurs!
Levels of Warnings and
Cautions
Pilot Responsibilities
ECAM Execution
Levels of Warnings
and Cautions
System abnormalities
identified by the ECAM Abnormal or
are prioritized and
categorized based on Emergency
severity.
Identified by
ECAM
The ECAM categorizes
system abnormalities into
three different levels. In
priority order, the levels
include:
200+ ECAMs
•Level 3 Warnings
• Engine Fires/Failures
•Level 2 Cautions
• Electrical Faults
•Level 1 Cautions
• Hydraulic Faults
• Gear Abnormals
• Flight Control Faults, etc...
Levels of Warnings
and Cautions
Level 3 Warnings
•Flashing Red Master
Warning lights
•Continuous Repetitive
Chime (CRC)
•Red ECAM title and
LAND ASAP message
These warnings represent

emergency conditions
and require:
•Immediate crew
awareness
•Immediate crew action
Levels of Warnings
and Cautions
Level 2 Cautions
•Steady Amber Master
Caution lights
•Single Chime (CRC)
•Amber ECAM title
These cautions represent

abnormal conditions and
require:
•Immediate crew
awareness
Time and conditions

permitting, these cautions
should be considered
without delay to prevent
further system
degradation.
Levels of Warnings
and Cautions
Level 1 Cautions
•Amber ECAM title
Level 1 Cautions
represent failures leading
to a loss of redundancy or
system degradation.
Level 1 Cautions do not

generate an audio alert or
a Master Caut light.
Levels of Warnings
and Cautions
Please understand, the
ECAM does not identify
all emergencies. Emergency
Some Emergencies NOT Procedures Not
identified by the ECAM
include: Identified by • Air Conditioning Smoke
•Air Conditioning Smoke ECAM • Cabin Smoke/Fire
•Cabin Smoke/Fire • Emergency Landing
•Emergency Landing
• Ditching
• Passenger Evacuation
•Ditching
•Passenger Evacuation
Emergency procedures
NOT identified by the
ECAM are found in the
QRH and FCOM Vol-3.
Levels of Warnings
and Cautions
Some abnormals NOT

identified by the ECAM
include: Abnormal Procedures
•Fuel leak Procedure Not • Fuel Leak
•DU failure Identified by • Display Unit Failure
• Tailpipe Fire
•Tailpipe Fire
ECAM
•Double Probe Heat Fault • Double Probe Heat Fault
• Cracked/Delaminated
•Cracked/Delaminated
Cockpit Window Cockpit Window….
• ….Others
Abnormal procedures
NOT identified by the
ECAM are found in the
QRH and/or FCOM Vol-3.
Pilot abnormal and
emergency
responsibilities are
outlined in:
•The FCOM VOL-3 (3.02)
• The QRH (0.00)
S P I R I T
AI RLI NES
SSPPI IRRI ITT
AIRLINES
AIRLINES
A320 QRH A320FCOM

A320 FCOM
VOL-3
VOL-3
FCOM VOL-3 specifies Abnormal and/or Emergency Occurs!
the following procedures
are to be memorized and
applied without referring
to the QRH or FCOM
procedure:
Windshear/Windshear
ahead (FCOM VOL-3 MISC)
TCAS (QRH EMER)
EGPWS (QRH EMER)
Loss of braking (QRH
EMER)
Emergency descent (initial
steps, QRH EMER))
Unreliable speed
indication/ADR check
(immediate actions, QRH
ABN)
Crew incapacitation (FCOM
VOL-3, MISC)
Pilot Responsibilities “I have the
Abnormal
Abnormal and/or
and/or Emergency
Emergency Occurs
Occurs
airplane and
ATC. Perform
This flow diagram ECAM.” Cancel the Warning/Caution
generalizes and illustrates
the flight crew’s
responsibilities should an
emergency or abnormal
condition develop in flight.
PF Flight Path Established
Above 400 ft AGL
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
Command
ECAM Actions PNF
Navigation ECAM Actions
Review STATUS
Communicate Page
Brief Refer to QRH

Request Configuration
Changes as Appropriate PF Each PNF and/or
FCOM VOL-3
Other
Abnormal
Abnormal and/or
and/or Emergency
Emergency Occurs
Occurs
The first responsibility of Cancel the Warning/Caution

the flight crew during an
abnormal/emergency is to
cancel the warning or
caution.
The first pilot to recognize
the abnormal/emergency
condition must:
• Cancel the CRC or
SC, if any
The pilot that cancels the Engine
warning/caution should
clearly and distinctly
identify the condition.
Fire !
For example…
Abnormal
Abnormal and/or
and/or Emergency
Emergency Occurs
Occurs
No action is taken (except

canceling the Cancel the Warning/Caution
warning/caution)
until :
•The appropriate flight Flight Path Established

path is established Above 400 ft AGL
•If a failure occurs during

takeoff, approach
or go-around, the aircraft
is above 400 feet AGL. In some emergency cases,
provided the appropriate flight
A height of 400 feet is
recommended because it
path is established, the pilot flying
gives a good compromise may initiate actions before this
between time height.
necessary for stabilization
and excessive delay for
procedure initiation.
PF Responsibilities “I have control
Abnormal
Abnormal and/or
and/or Emergency
Emergency Occurs
Occurs
and
ATC. Perform
Abnormal/Emergency ECAM.” Cancel the Warning/Caution
procedures are initiated
on the pilot flying's
command.
Flight Path Established
To initiate PF Above 400 ft AGL
abnormal/emergency
procedures, the PF
states: FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
“ I have control and
ATC. Perform ECAM.” Command
ECAM Actions PNF
If a transfer of control
occurs, the pilot giving up
control must respond by Perform ECAM
stating: “You have
control.” Some
conditions will require the
captain to be the PF (i.e.,
Avionics Smoke).
PF Responsibilities
Abnormal
Abnormal and/or
and/or Emergency
Emergency Occurs
Occurs
Airbus recognizes that Cancel the Warning/Caution

continuing to “fly the
aircraft” is the single most
important consideration in
almost every situation.
PF Above 400 ft AGL
As the PF, guard against
becoming overly
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
distracted by other
abnormal/emergency
steps at the expense of Command
ECAM Actions
flying the aircraft.
PF Responsibilities
Abnormal
Abnormal and/or
and/or Emergency
Emergency Occurs
Occurs
The PF is responsible for
aircraft navigation.
However, during Cancel the Warning/Caution
abnormal/emergency
procedures, inputs via the
MCDU are to be minimized
and accomplished only if Flight Path Established
workload permits. PF Above 400 ft AGL
The PF may accomplish

“short term” inputs via the FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
MCDU, such as:
•Direct To Command
ECAM Actions
•Activating the
Approach Phase
Navigation
Inputs that require lengthy
typing (i.e., programming a
re-route) should be avoided.
Concentrating on MCDU
inputs have caused pilots to
become distracted and
subsequently miss assigned
altitudes and headings,
ATC calls, etc.
PF Responsibilities
Abnormal
Abnormal and/or
and/or Emergency
Emergency Occurs
Occurs
Communication with ATC Cancel the Warning/Caution

is accomplished by the
PF.
The PF should coordinate Flight Path Established
a plan of action with ATC PF Above 400 ft AGL
and if applicable, declare
an emergency.
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
ATC must be immediately
notified if: Command
•Pilot uses ECAM Actions
emergency authority
Navigation
•A Deviation from
ATC assigned route
or clearance occurs
Communicate
•Priority handling is
required
PF Responsibilities
Abnormal
Abnormal and/or
and/or Emergency
Emergency Occurs
Occurs
The PF continues to Cancel the Warning/Caution

request configuration
changes.
It is not acceptable for the Flight Path Established
PF to make a PF Above 400 ft AGL
configuration change
because the PNF is busy.
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
The PNF, upon request Command

ECAM Actions
from the PF will stop and
make the configuration
change if it is safe to do Navigation
(i.e., after checking
airspeed).
Communicate
Changes as Appropriate
PNF Responsibilities
Abnormal
Abnormal and/or
and/or Emergency
Emergency Occurs
Occurs
The PNF is responsible Cancel the Warning/Caution

for the completion of the
ECAM
abnormal/emergency
procedure.
PF Above 400 ft AGL
Upon the PF’s “Perform FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

ECAM” statement, the
PNF initiates the ECAM Command
procedure. ECAM Actions PNF
Navigation Perform
ECAM
Communicate
PNF
The A320 Series aircraft
is certified with an ECAM. Perform
ECAM
Therefore, the ECAM
must always be
performed initially from
start to finish.
The PNF uses the READ
and DO oral reading
principle when performing
the abnormal/emergency
procedures.
The crew should always
keep in mind the
advantages and
disadvantages of the
ECAM
checklist/procedure…
ECAM
ECAM Advantages
Advantages
Constantly monitors
most aircraft systems.
Displays essential steps

to be accomplished,
stabilizing the situation
prior to landing.
Prioritizes abnormals
and emergencies.
ECAM
ECAM Disadvantages
Disadvantages
ECAM software is not customized
for individual operators.
ECAM does not have

the same reasoning
abilities as pilots do
(Cargo Smoke)
ECAM can’t recognize

all abnormals and
emergencies.
PNF
Executing the ECAM
actions, when directed by ECAM Actions
the PF, should be
accomplished in a
deliberate and unhurried
manner.
The PNF obtains
confirmation from the PF
whenever an action could
significantly affect aircraft
performance such as:
•ENG Master switch
•Thrust Lever
•Fire pb
•Other guarded
switches
AND…
before using the CLR pb
PNF
In the execution of ECAM
actions, the goal is to get ECAM Actions
to a “lights out” condition.
That is, the ECAM must
be returned to a normal
LAND ASAP
condition.
To achieve “lights out”,

the PNF:
•Completes the blue
ECAM action items
•Uses the CLR pb
PNF
ECAM action items:
•Display in blue ECAM Actions
•Automatically clear after

completion if monitored
by the FWCs. Most
action items are
monitored by the FWCs.
Some action items are

NOT monitored and
remain displayed after
completion.
Examples of unmonitored ECAM action

items:
- ATC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .NOTIFY
- MAX SPEED 320 KTS
- MANEUVER WITH CARE
The proper use of the CLR PNF
pb is as follows:
•Only after all displayed blue
action items for the highest ECAM Actions
underlined procedure are
completed EMER REALLY
ABNORM NOT BAD
SO BAD FAILUREFAULT2 1
AND 1 .. .. .PUSH
- ACTION ITEM 1. . . . . . SOMETHING
. JUST DO IT
- ACTION ITEM
ABNORM LESS2BAD
. . PUSHFAULT SOMETHING
2
•Only after confirmation
from the PF ABNORM NOT
-MANEUVER SO BAD
WITH CAREFAULT 1
- ACTION ITEM
ABNORM 1. .FAILURE
MINOR . PUSH SOMETHING
In the following example,
ABNORM LESS BAD FAULT 2
the blue action items under
‘REALLY BAD FAILURE 2” -MANEUVER WITH CARE
have not been completed. ABNORM MINOR FAILURE
Therefore, the use of the
CLR pb is improper at this
time.
The CLR pb cleared all blue
action items associated with
the underlined title (REALLY
BAD FAULT 2).
The CLR pb does not clear
an ECAM procedure line-by-
line.
PNF
If the blue action item
under “NOT SO BAD ECAM Actions
FAULT 1” is not
accomplished, the use of
ABNORM
ABNORMNOTLESS
SOBADBADFAULT
FAULT2 1
the CLR pb is still
improper. - -MANEUVER
ACTION ITEMWITH
1. . . PUSH
CARE SOMETHING
ABNORM
ABNORMLESS
MINOR
BAD FAILURE
FAULT 2
As a general rule, the -MANEUVER WITH CARE
CLR pb clears all items ABNORM MINOR FAILURE
associated with the
highest underlined
procedure.
“Clear “Clear
ABNORM” PNF ABNORM2?”
Here is an example of the
proper use of the CLR pb. ECAM Actions
MANEUVER WITH CARE ABNORM MINOR

LESS BAD
FAILURE
FAULT 2
is an unmonitored ECAM -MANEUVER WITH CARE
action item. All blue ABNORM MINOR FAILURE
action items for the
underlined procedure are
accomplished and
therefore, the use of the
CLR pb is now proper.
Also, the proper use of

the CLR pb calls for the
confirmation of the PF.
“Clear “Clear
ABNORM” PNF ABNORM?”
Another example of the
proper use of the CLR pb. ECAM Actions
•No blue action ABNORM MINOR FAILURE

items remain for the
underlined
procedure
Additional Indications
A failure/fault that causes
the loss or degradation of
Primary Failure
other system components is
called a Primary failure.
A Primary failure, indicated
by a box, generates
Secondary failure(s). A
Secondary Failure is a loss
or degradation of a system ENG BAD FAILURE * ELEC
component as a result of a * HYD
Primary Failure.
Systems with Secondary
Failures are listed on the
right side preceded by an
asterisk.
STS
If a Primary failure occurs,
the PNF needs to continue
using the CLR pb to cycle
through the Secondary
Failure(s).
So…as the PNF continues
to use the CLR pb, the listed
System with Secondary Failure(s)
system pages will be
displayed on the SD.
Additional Indications
Overflow Failures
A system without an
asterisk, listed on the right
side, is an overflow failure
message.
A green overflow symbol
indicates one of the
following:
•Overflow failure
message(s)
•Overflow blue
action items
By executing the ECAM
(completing blue action
items and/or using the
CLR pb) the overflow
failure(s) eventually
display when enough
space becomes available.
“Clear bad “Clear bad
failure” failure?”
If any indications appear
on the right side, the PNF
will need to continue
executing the ECAM.
Remember the goal:
“lights out.” Notice the
lights on the ECAM
Control panel during each
clear.
The Secondary Failure
depictions (with asterisks)
indicate the
corresponding system
page that will be
displayed following the
use of the CLR pb.
Note the system page

displayed after using the
CLR pb.
“Clear electric” “Clear
electric?”
System pages that are
displayed provide a
reminder to the pilot of
how the system is
affected by the abnormal.
The PNF does not need

to spend a great deal of
time analyzing the entire
system.
Time for the CLR pb

again.
“Clear “Clear
hydraulic” hydraulic?”
Clearing the last system
page, automatically calls
up the STATUS page.
The STATUS page is

always the last page
displayed during an
ECAM procedure.
Are we “lights out?”
NO!!!
PNF
Before using the CLR pb
again, the PNF should
review the STATUS page. ECAM Actions
The STATUS page
provides a review of the Review STATUS
inoperative systems, Page
approach procedures,
and notes.
“Clear status” “Clear status?”
After reviewing the

STATUS page, the PNF
uses the CLR pb to clear
the STATUS page and
return the ECAM to a
“lights out” condition.
PNF “ECAM actions
The ECAM procedure is completed”
complete when:
ECAM Actions
•No ECAM
messages are
displayed on the Review STATUS
E/WD Page
•No pb lights on the

ECAM control panel
Also, the SD returns to
the page appropriate to
the current phase of flight
(e.g., CRUISE page).
STS
“Lights out”
The STS symbol provides

a reminder that the
STATUS page contains
unusual items caused by
system abnormals.
Abnormal
Abnormal and/or
and/or Emergency
Emergency Occurs
Occurs
After the ECAM is Cancel & Identify

complete (“lights out”), the
PNF should refer to the
QRH and/or FCOM VOL-
3.
Above 400 ft AGL
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
Command
ECAM Actions PNF
Review STATUS
Communicate Page
Refer to QRH
and/or
FCOM VOL-3
PNF
QRH or FCOM?
ECAM Actions
The QRH contains some
specific procedures which
are NOT identified by the Review STATUS
ECAM. Page
As a general rule, the

procedures displayed on Refer to QRH
the ECAM are not and/or
provided in the QRH FCOM VOL-3
The QRH is
REQUIRED to be
carried by the pilot
in paper form.
FCOM VOL-3 is
only available
using the LPC
system.
However, in the case of

an electrical emergency
configuration or a dual
hydraulic failure, which
generates an ECAM
procedure/checklist, the
corresponding QRH
SUMMARY.
Note: the QRH also

contains landing distance
multipliers and approach
speed adjustments under
ABNORMAL
PROCEDURES
MISCELLANEOUS.
Emergency or Dual Hydraulic
The PNF should refer to Abnormal Not and Emergency
the QRH if :
•an abnormal or
Identified by Electrical
emergency arises ECAM Configuration
without ECAM
procedure
•A landing distance
Landing Distance
multiplier is required Multipliers
•A dual hydraulic or
emergency
electrical
configuration (QRH
Summaries)
condition arises
Emergency or
For all other ECAM Abnormal
procedures/checklists, the
Identified by
FCOM VOL-3 for ECAM
additional information
after completing the
ECAM!
The FCOM VOL-3
contains additional notes
on ECAM procedures and
is a good source of
abnormal information.
Brief PF
The Recall (RCL) pb
Forgot the name of the
The RCL pb allows the
pilot to re-display ECAM
ECAM procedure?
failure messages. Any
blue action items that
were not completed also ELEC TR 1 FAULT
reappear.
Brief PF
Abnormal
Abnormal and/or
and/or Emergency
Emergency Occurs
Occurs
After completing ECAM Cancel & Identify

actions and reviewing the
3, both pilots should brief
each other.
Above 400 ft AGL
FLY THE AIRCRAFT!
Command
ECAM Actions PNF
Review STATUS
Communicate Page
Brief Refer to QRH

Changes as Appropriate PF Each PNF and/or
FCOM VOL-3
Other
Brief PF
Brief
After completing ECAM PF Each PNF
Other
actions and reviewing the
3, both pilots should brief
each other.
ECAM actions and

I’ve declared an QRH/FCOM
emergency. We’re being completed
vectored for an ILS.
Brief PF
Brief
In addition, other people PF Each PNF
Other
should be advised of the
situation including:
Dispatch
Flight Attendants
Passengers
Additional ECAM Topic
The guarded Emergency

Cancel (EMER CANC) pb
is used for canceling
nuisance messages, (i.e.,
NUISANCE MESSAGE
preventing them from - TURN THIS THING! . . . . . . . . . OFF
reappearing) It is not for
canceling legitimate
ECAM messages! USE
IT WITH CARE!!!
EMER CANC
D
V
Dv
EMER CANC pb allows

the pilot to cancel the
warning lights and aural
warnings as long as the
condition is present.
SMOKE AFT CARGO SMOKE
The EMER CANC pb - AFT ISOL VALVE . . . . . . . . . . . .OFF
DOES NOT cancel the - CARGO SMOKE DISCH . . . . . .SH
ECAM warning message.

EMER CANC
EMER CANC pb allows

the pilot to cancel any
current CAUTION listed
on the top line of the
ECAM, preventing it from
reappearing for the rest of
the flight.
The ECAM message,

master caution, and single
chime are all canceled.
Examples of appropriate use of the

EMER CANC pb would be:
• A CAUTION message generated as a
result of a deferred discrepancy per the
MEL/CDL
• Intermittent and random nuisance
CAUTION messages that have been dealt
with previously
EMER CANC
When a CAUTION is
canceled, the STATUS
page is automatically
displayed. The message
“CANCELED CAUTION”
and the title of the failure
that has been inhibited
appear.
NOTE: A canceled caution message may be

recalled by pressing the RCL pb for a short
time.
Additional Considerations
Deactivate the CVR?
ASAP?
NASA Form?
Continue with the trip?

Some Common Mistakes

 PF becoming PNF.
 PNF becoming PF.
 Going straight to the FCOM or QRH
(bypassing the ECAM).
 Failing to achieve “lights out”
 Executing the wrong FCOM or QRH
procedure (read the warning/caution title
carefully)
Example of an In-Flight
Emergency Procedure
ENGINE FIRE
ENG 1 FIRE
“I have control
and ATC.
ECAM actions
“Confirm” “Confirm Thrust
Lever 1?”
“Confirm” “Confirm ENG
MASTER 1?”
ENG 1 FIRE
ENG 1 SHUTDOWN
“Confirm” “Confirm Fire pb
1?”
1 FIRE
ENG 1
ENG 1 SHUTDOWN
ENG 1 SHUTDOWN
ENG 1 FIRE
ENG 1 SHUTDOWN
LAND ASAP
LAND ASAP
“Clear ENG 1 “Clear ENG 1

shutdown” shutdown?”
LAND
LAND ASAP
ASAP
“Clear “Clear
LAND ASAP
hydraulic” hydraulic?”
“Clear electric.” “Clear

LAND ASAP
LAND ASAP
electric?”
“Clear bleed” “Clear bleed?”

LAND
LANDASAP
ASAP
“Clear status” “Clear status?”

LANDASAP
LAND
LAND ASAP
ASAP
STS
“ECAM actions
LAND ASAP
completed.”
STS
Questions
You have the

airplane and
ATC.

Abnormal+Emergency Procedures

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LECTURE TOPIC – Abnormal and Emergency ECAM Procedures

LECTURE TOPIC – Abnormal and Emergency ECAM Procedures

These warnings represent

These cautions represent

Time and conditions

Level 1 Cautions do not

Some abnormals NOT

A320 QRH A320FCOM

FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Navigation ECAM Actions

Brief Refer to QRH

The first responsibility of Cancel the Warning/Caution

No action is taken (except

•The appropriate flight Flight Path Established

•If a failure occurs during

Airbus recognizes that Cancel the Warning/Caution

The PF may accomplish

Communication with ATC Cancel the Warning/Caution

The PF continues to Cancel the Warning/Caution

The PNF, upon request Command

The PNF is responsible Cancel the Warning/Caution

Upon the PF’s “Perform FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Displays essential steps

ECAM does not have

ECAM can’t recognize

To achieve “lights out”,

•Automatically clear after

Some action items are

Examples of unmonitored ECAM action

MANEUVER WITH CARE ABNORM MINOR

Also, the proper use of

•No blue action ABNORM MINOR FAILURE

Note the system page

The PNF does not need

Time for the CLR pb

The STATUS page is

After reviewing the

•No pb lights on the

The STS symbol provides

After the ECAM is Cancel & Identify

FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Navigation ECAM Actions

As a general rule, the

However, in the case of

Note: the QRH also

After completing ECAM Cancel & Identify

FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Navigation ECAM Actions

Brief Refer to QRH

ECAM actions and

The guarded Emergency

EMER CANC pb allows

ECAM warning message.

EMER CANC pb allows

The ECAM message,

Examples of appropriate use of the

NOTE: A canceled caution message may be

Continue with the trip?

Some Common Mistakes

“Clear ENG 1 “Clear ENG 1

“Clear electric.” “Clear

“Clear bleed” “Clear bleed?”

“Clear status” “Clear status?”

You have the