Name of Group

 ARI CENDANI PRABAWATI ( 17.321.2658 )

 I KETUT ANTONO ( 17.321.2669 )
 KOMANG PURNAMA SARI ( 17.321.2676 )
 NI KADEK KRISTIANI ( 17.321.2684 )
 NI KETUT YULIANA ( 17.321.2686 )
 NI LUH GEDE DEVI YULISTYA DEVI ( 17.321.2690 )
 NI MADE AYU PRIYASTINI ( 17.321.2695 )
 NI PUTU LINDA KUSUMA WARDANI ( 17.321.2701 )
 NI PUTU YUNITA DIYANTARI ( 17.321.2703 )
 NI WAYAN YUNA PRATIWI ( 17.321.2705 )
 PUTU EKA WULANDARI ( 17.321.2707 )
 Anatomy Renal System
Renal system is a system that process
screening of blood, so that the blood free from
substances which is not to be used by body
and permeate substances which is used by
body.
Anatomy Renal System

Kidney Bladder or Vesika

Urinaria

Uretrha and
Ureter
Meatus
Anatomy Renal System
 Physiology Renal System
Nature of physic urine consists of :
 Amount of excretion within 24 hours ± 1500 cc depends on inclusion
(dilution intake) and other factor
 Color : transparent to yellow and when let will become turbid
 Color turn yellow depends on concentration, diet of drugs, etc
 Aroma, typical aroma when leet by long will smell ammonia
 Specific gravity 1.015- 1.020
 Reaction of acid, if sometimes later become alkalis, also depends on
the diet (vegetables cause reaction of protein and alkalis give reaction
of acid)
 Physiology Renal System
Urine compositions are :
 Consist about 95% water

 Vitamins result of protein metabolism, sour of urea,

and amonia of creatini

 Electrolyte, natrium, calcium, NH3, bicarbonate,
sulphate, and phosphate
 Pigmen and bilirubin of urobilin

 Toxin

 Hormone
 Physiology Renal System
Marking of normal urine :
 Mean in one day 1-2 liter, but different each other as

according to amount of dilution which enter

 Its color of transparent orange without sediment

 Its aroma sharply

 Its reaction a little acid to litmus with mean Ph 4.5-8.

 Physiology Renal System

Female
Renal Male Renal
System System
 Chronic Renal Failure

Chronic renal failure

Means
same with chronic
renal failure is a slow
and progressive loss
of kidney function
over a period of
several years.
Eventually, a person
will develop
permanent kidney
failure
 Chronic Renal Failure

Causes
 Diabetes
 High blood pressure
 Glomerulonephritis
 Inherited diseases
 Malformations
 Lupus
 Tumors
 Repeated renal infections
 Symptoms
Chronic Renal Failure
 Anemia
 Blood in urine
 Dark urine
 Decreased mental alertness
 Decreased urine output
 Edema - swollen feet, hands,
and ankles (face if edema is
severe)
 Fatigue (tiredness)
 Hypertension (high blood
pressure)
 Insomnia
 Itchy skin, can become
persistent
 Loss of appetite
 Male inability to get or
maintain an erection (erectile
dysfunction)
 More frequent urination,
especially at night
 Muscle cramps
 Muscle twitches
 Nausea
 Pain on the side or mid to lower
back
 Panting (shortness of breath)
 Protein in urine
 Sudden change in bodyweight
 Unexplained headaches
 Chronic Renal Failure
Stages

Stage 1 Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4 Stage 5
 Risk Chronic Renal Failure
Factors

 A family history of kidney  Diabetes

disease  Hypertension
 Age-chronic kidney disease  Lupus
is much more common
 Toxin
among people over 60
 Sickle cell disease
 Atherosclerosis
 Some medications
 Bladder obstruction
 Chronic glomerulonephritis
 Congenital kidney disease
(kidney disease which is
present at birth)
 Chronic Kidney Failure

Diagnosis :
 Blood test

 Urine test

 Kidney scans

 Kidney biopsy

 Chest X-ray

 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Complications : Chronic Kidney Failure

 Anemia
 Central nervous system damage
 Dry skin or skin color changes
 Fluid retention
 Hyperkalemia, when blood potassium levels rise,
possibly resulting in heart damage
 Insomnia
 Lower sex drive
 Male erectile dysfunction
 Osteomalacia, when bones become weak and break
easily
 Pericarditis, when the sac-like membrane around the
heart becomes inflamed
 Stomach ulcers
 Weak immune system
Treatment
Chronic Renal Failure

 Anemia treatment
 Phosphate balance
 High blood pressure
 Skin itching
 Anti-sickness medications
 NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
 End-stage treatment
 Kidney dialysis : hemodialysis and
peritoneal dialysis
 Kidney transplant
 Chronic Renal Failure
Diet and Prevention

Diet Prevention

1. Vitamin D 1. Diet
2. Fluid 2. Physical activity
retention 3. Avoiding certain
substances