The Virus

What is a Virus?
 Virus Latin for Poison
 Non-cellular particle with
 DNA or RNA
 1 or 2 Protein Coats (Capsids)
 May have Viral Envelope - Phospholipids
 DO NOT respire or grow
 ONLY function in a living cell
Reproduction Cycles
How do Viruses Replicate?
 The lytic cycle:
1- adsorption/attachment
2- injection/entry
3- replication of viral parts
4- assembly
5- release by lysis

 Results in death of host cell

 Virulent virus (only lytic cycle)
Lets Go Through the Steps of the
Lytic Cycle Together!!!
Lysogenic Cycle
 First steps just like lytic (1
and 2)
 Does NOT destroy the host
cell
 Nucleic acid joins the cell’s
DNA. Viral DNA becomes a
part of hosts cell DNA
(prophage)
 Could go on for years
 Temperate virus (capable of
using the lytic and lysogenic
cycles)
 i.e. HIV, cold sores, shingles
Lysogenic Cycle
Types of Viruses

 Animal viruses: Rabies, Polio, Mumps,

Chicken pox, Small pox, and Influenza.
 Plant Viruses: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV),
Banana streak virus, Carrot thin leaf virus
 Bacterial Virus: Bacteriophages ( T1, T2, T3,
and T4.)
 SPECIFIC in what type of cell and what type of
organism they infect
 Polio – human nerve cell
 T4 – only certain strains of E. coli
Different Types of Viruses

 ADENOVIRUS
 Respiratory
infections; colds
Heads up:

 Next slide is a child with polio.

Polio
Influenza Virus

 Virus that causes the flu

Heads up:

 Next slide is a child with smallpox.

Small Pox
TMV
Retroviruses

 RNA viruses that contain reverse

transcriptase
 This enzyme allows RNA to produce
DNA
 HIV is an example of the virus
Viruses: Living or Not?