WHAT IS ANIMATION?

ANIMATION IS ANIMATED CARTOON, A

MOTION PICTURE MADE FROM A SERIES OF
DRAWINGS SIMULATING MOTION BY MEANS
OF SLIGHT PROGRESSIVE CHANGES.
•IT IS SUCCESSIVE, SERIES, SEQUENCE AND
PROGRESSIVE DISPLAY OF DRAWINGS,
PHOTOGRAPHS, IMAGES, AND INANIMATE
OBJECTS IN 2-D AND 3-D WORK.
•ANIMATION IS USED TO CREATE THE ILLUSION
OF MOVEMENT DUE TO THE PHENOMENON
CALLED PERSISTENCE OF VISION.
•ANIMATION HAS BEEN CREATED THROUGHOUT
ITS HISTORY IN A NUMBER OF WAYS.
ANIMATION TOOLS
• ZOETROPE

WAS SAID TO BE INVENTED IN CHINA 180 AD BY TING

HUAN, WHICH WAS MADE FROM TRANSLUCENT PAPER
PANELS PAINTED WITH SEQUENCES OF ACTION WHICH
WHEN TURNED, A RIGHT SPEED WOULD APPEAR TO
MOVE.
• THE MODERN VERSION OF ZOETROPE WAS PRODUCED
BY WILLIAM GEORGE HORNER, WHICH WAS
CYLINDRICAL SHAPE WITH SLITS ALONG THE SIDES
AND INSIDE ARE PICTURES OF PROGRESSIVE
PHOTOGRAPHS, WHICH WHEN SPUN AND VIEWED
FROM ITS SLIT, AN ILLUSION OF MOVEMENT IS SEEN.
THAUMATROPE

• WAS A TOY OF THE VICTORIAN ERA WHICH WAS CIRCULAR DISK WITH TWO
IMAGES ON EACH SIDE AND ITS CENTER IS TIED TO A STRING SO THAT WHEN
IT IS TURNED ON QUICKLY, IMAGES WOULD SEEM TO APPEAR TO BE
COMBINED INTO ON IMAGE.
PHENAKISTOSCOPE

• WAS INVENTED IN 1831 SIMULTANEOUSLY BY AUSTRIAN SIMON VON

STAMPFER AND BELGIAN HOSEPH PLATEAU. IT WAS A TECHNIQUE CREATED
BEFORE THE CREATION OF THE CARTOON BASED PICTURES.
PHENAKISTOSCOPE INCLUDED SIMPLE DRAWINGS MOVING SIMULTANEOUSLY
GIVING THE EFFECT OF ANIMATION. WITH THIS METHOD, A PERSON COULD
CREATE A VARIETY OF ANIMATED CHARACTERS.
FLIPBOOOK

• WAS PATENTED IN 1868 BY JOHN LINNET. A FLIPBOOK IS ESSENTIALLY A SERIES

OF SEQUENTIAL PICTURES WHICH WHEN FLIPPED AT HIGH SPEED CREATES
AN ILLUSION OF MOTION.
PRAXINOSCOPE

• IS A MORE COMPLICATED VERSION OF ZOETROPE, INVENTED BY CHARLES-

EMILE REYNAUD, WHICH INCLUDED STEADY MIRRORS INSIDE A CYLINDER TO
IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF IMAGE FOR A CLEARER ANIMATION. CHARLES
EVENTUALLY CREATED THE FIRST ANIMATED FILM IN PARIS, FRANCE IN 1892.
MAGIC LANTERN

• IS CONSIDERED AS THE CLASSIC PROJECTOR WHICH USED A SIMPLE LAMP AN

TRANSLUCENT OIL PAINTING WHICH PROJECTS LARGER IMAGE ON A FLAT
SURFACE.
TODAY’S ANIMATION
TRADITIONAL ANIMATION
TRADITIONAL ANIMATION WAS ACCOMPLISHED USING HAND –DRAWN
SEQUENCE OF IMAGES WHICH WERE SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT FROM ONE ANOTHER
THEN PHOTOCOPIES ONTO ACETATE CALLED CELLS.

TRADITIONAL ANIMATION HAS PAVED THE WAT FOR THE FOLLOWING KINDS
OF ANIMATION:
a. FULL ANIMATION
b. LIMITED ANIMATION
c. LIVE-ACTION AND ANIMATION
STOP MOTION
• IS AN ANIMATION TECHNIQUE WHEREIN OBJECTS ARE PHOTOGRAPHED ONE
FRAME AT A TIME BY CHANGING ITS LOCATION OR ACTION CLOSE TO THE
PREVIOUS ONE OR SMALL INCREMENTS AND THEN PLAYED SEQUENTIALLY TO
CREATE THE ILLUSION OF MOTION.

• STOP MOTION, POPULARLY USED A CLAY AS A MEDIUM BECAUSE OF EASE IN

CREATING SMALL INCREMENTS OF ACTION AND MOTION AND SUCH IS
KNOWN AS CLAY ANIMATION.
COMPUTER ANIMATION OR COMPUTER
GENERATED IMAGERY (CGI)
• CGI ANIMATION IS THE TECHNIQUE OF CREATING
ANIMATION OR MOVING IMAGES WITH THE USE OF
COMPUTERS. COMPUTER ANIMATION HAS WIDE
VARIETY TECHNIQUES TO WHICH ANIMATION IS
ACCOMPLISHED. TODAY, WE CATEGORIZE COMPUTER
ANIMATIONS AS 2-D AND 3-D ANIMATION.
THE FOLLOWING TERMS WOULD BE ENCOUNTERED WHEN ONE IS INVOLVED IN 3-D
ANIMATION:
a. MOTION CAPTURE – IS USED TO GENERATE COMPUTER GENERATED
CHARACTERS BY RECORDING LIVE ACTION ARTISTS WEARING SUITS THAT
ALLOW COMPUTER IMAGE MANIPULATION TO CREATE ANOTHER CHARACTER
SUCH AS CASE IN AVATAR MOVIE.
b. PHOTO REALISTIC ANIMATION – IS A TERM USED FOR COMPUTER ANIMATION
THAT TRIES TO RESEMBLE LIFE SKIN, PLANTS, ANIMALS, SCENERIES, AND OTHERS
SUCH AS THOSE USED IN THE MOVIES KUNG FU PANDA AND ICE AGE.
c. CEL-SHADED ANIMATION – IS USED TO EMULATE THE CLASSIC CEL TECHNIQUE
USING COMPUTERS FOR 3D ENVIRONMENT AND ACTION FOR CHARACTERS. THE
METHOD WAS USED TO CREATE THE MOVIES LIKE THE LEGEND OF ZELDA: WIND
WAKER.
d. FLASH ANIMATION – IS CREATED USING ADOBE FLASH OR OTHER SIMILAR
PROGRAMS TO CREATE IMAGES IN .SWF FORMAT. FLASH USUALLY USES VECTOR
GRAPHICS AND DRAWINGS TO CREATE ANIMATION RESULTING IN A CLEARER
ANIMATION.
MOTION CAPTURE