Describe the differences and

relation between the lithosphere

and asthenosphere.
 Name the three types of plate
boundaries and the general
characteristic of plate movement
along each plate boundary.
What is the magnetic field and
how is it formed?
Plate Boundaries

Convergent
Divergent
Transform
 Plate Tectonics

 Explains the configuration of topographic

features of the Earth- mountains, valleys,
volcanoes, islands, oceanic trenches, faults
 Tectonic plates
 Are composed of the lithosphere
 Move as a coherent mass
 May contain oceanic crust and continental
crust
 Direction of Movement

 Perpendicular to mid-oceanic ridges

 Plate Boundaries
 Concentration
of stored
energy and
ultimately
release of
energy
 Production
of hazards

Topographic features on the Earth’s surface

reflects what is happening in the mantle.
Tectonic Map: locate plate
boundaries by symbol
Convergent Plate Boundary

 Magmatic arc
 Oceanic crust subducts under continental
crust
 Melting occurs at about 100 miles
 Hot more buoyant material rises
Volcanic Arc
 Oceanic and
continental crust
 Cascade Range, Andes,
Alaska
 Characteristics: large
volcanoes; subduction
zone; trench; oceanic
crust subducts under
continental crust
 Convergent
Plate Boundary
 Map and cross-
section views of the
subduction zone
 The oceanic Juan de
Fuca plate subducts
under the
continental North
American Plate
Convergent Plate Boundary

 Two oceanic crusts

 Oceanic crust subducts under
opposing oceanic crust
 Oldest oceanic crust subducts
 Island Arc
 Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, Caribbean,
Aleutian Islands
 Convergent Plate Boundary
 Earthquakes trace the
subducting slab to
about 500 miles or
650 kilometers

Gold dots represent earthquake hypocenters

 Convergent Plate Boundaries

 Two continental crusts

 Neither subduct due to buoyancy of crusts
 Mountains form
 India collided
with Asia about
40 million years
ago
 Mt. Everest,
29,000 feet
 Divergent Plate Boundary
 Two plates move apart
 Run through ocean basins
Divergent Plate Boundaries

Mid-oceanic ridges, transform faults and rift

valleys, and the formation of the ocean floor
are characteristics associated with divergent
plate boundaries.
Transform Plate Boundary
 Transform Plate Boundary

 The tectonic plate

pass by each other
 Connect other plate
boundaries
 San Andreas Fault
Extension-“Pre-divergent Boundary”

Continental crust begins to stretch due to

tensional stress.
 Basin and Range
 Continental crust
begins to stretch due
to convection within
the asthenosphere
 A series of
mountains and
valleys develop
 Long Valley Caldera
is located on the
western most
portion.
 East Africa Rift Zone
 An area of
extension
 Continental
crust is
beginning to
pull-apart
forming a rift
valley
 Hot Spots

 Stationary plumes of hot material that

initiate at the core/mantle interface
 Hawaii: the plume is beneath oceanic crust
Hot Spots
 Hot Spots

 Yellowstone is associated with a hot spot

under continental crust
 Plate Tectonics
 The theory of plate tectonics is based on
the evaluation of scientific evidence and
observation- The Scientific Method
 Continental Drift hypothesis
 Seafloor Spreading hypothesis
 Sketch a cross section of a
divergent plate boundary.
 Label with the following terms:
 rift valley;
 oceanic ridge;
 oceanic crust;
 . volcanism;
location of melting and
 and arrows indicating direction of plate
movement
 Sketch a cross-section of a
convergent plate boundary that
contains an oceanic crust.

 Label with the following terms:

 Subduction zone
 Trench
 Area of melting
 Area of volcanism
 Arrows indicating direction of plate movement
Name the landform associated
with oceanic crust subducting
under continental crust.
Oceanic crust?