CHAPTER EIGHT

PASSING THROUGH
 Tense in "Direct speech” Tense to use in indirect speech
SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST

Cindy asked: "Do you like travelling?" Cindy asked Giles if he liked travelling.
Giles said: "I don't mind travelling, but Giles answered he didn't mind travelling, but
there are things I like better” there were things he liked better.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS

Frank declared: "I am thinking about moving" Frank declared (that) he was thinking about moving

PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

He told them: "I wasn't expecting your visit" He told them he hadn't been expecting their visit
PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT

She said: "I have just seen an old friend of mine" She said she had just seen an old friend of hers.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

He asked: "Paul, how long have you been He asked Paul how long he had been studying English
studying English?" 2
 Tense in "Direct speech” Tense to use in indirect speech
PAST PERFECT (RARE) PAST PERFECT (RARE)

They said: "If we had arrived two minutes later, there They said that if they had arrived two minutes later, there
would have been no cake left" would have been no cake left.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (RARE) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (RARE)

He declared: “You had been telling me you wanted to He declared they had been telling him they wanted to see
see her" her.
FUTURE (WILL) CONDITIONAL (WOULD)

I asked: "Where will you spend your holiday?" I asked where they would spend their holiday.

WILL + CONTINUOUS (RARE) WOULD + CONTINUOUS (RARE)

Anna declared: “I will be announcing my travel Anna declared she would be announcing her travel
destination tomorrow“. destination the following day.

WOULD WOULD

Tony said: "I would like something to eat. I wouldn't Tony said he would like something to eat and wouldn't
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mind a drink either." mind a drink either.
WHICH OF THESE PLACES WOULD YOU LIKE BEST FOR A HOLIDAY?
WHY? WHAT JOBS ARE CREATED BY THIS TYPE OF HOLIDAYS? (TALK
IN PAIRS WITH PARTNER 1)
IF YOU HAVE TROUBLE REMEMBERING, MAKE A FEW NOTES

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 SPEAKING AND LISTENING (REPORTED
SPEECH)
WITH A DIFFERENT PARTNER (2), tell them what your partner said when they answered the
questions on the previous slide
He/She told me .... (Present > Past) (Present perfect > Past perfect) (Past > Past perfect) (Present
continuous > Past continuous).
IN PAIRS, ask your new partner (2):
• Do you like travelling?
• Have you ever travelled outside Galicia?
• Have you ever travelled outside Spain?
• What was your favourite place? Why?
• Are you planning to travel anywhere soon?
NOW TELL YOUR ORIGINAL PARTNER (1) what your new partner said, using indirect speech.
• p54 (Maximiser) Sentence completion
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 REPORTED SPEECH (REVIEW)
1. Reported speech is very practical in everyday English.
2. It can be divided into indirect speech and direct speech.
3. Do not think mechanically: put yourself in the situation.
4. Translation can be helpful.
5. When the reporting verb is in present tense, there are no tense changes.

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Here is a list of common place words, showing
how you change them for indirect speech:
Direct speech Indirect speech

Here There, (in Starbucks)

This That

These Those (the)

In this room In that (the) room

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Here is a list of common time words, showing how you change them for indirect speech:

direct speech reported speech

now then, at that time

today that day, (on Wednesday, yesterday)

tonight that night, last night, (on Thursday night)

tomorrow the next day/ the following day, (on Monday, today)

yesterday the day before/ the previous day, (on Sunday)

last night the night before/ the previous night, (on Tuesday night)

this week that week, last week

last month the month before/ the previous month, in May

next year the following year, in 2017…2018….

two minutes ago two minutes before

in one hour one hour later 8

 Speech. (CB Track 28 )
1. Listen twice and summarise what the
speakers said in pairs.
2. Choose the correct alternative below in
http://www.english.com/goldadvanced/goldadvanced.html?page=class_audio
each sentence.
1. Mia told Matt that her trip to Thailand had been / was amazing.
2. Matt asked whether Mia could / can recommend a guidebook.
3. Mia says she’ll / she’d never use a guidebook again.
4. Mia said she was considering relying on Twitter recommendations next
time she was / is travelling.
5. Mia offered to show Matt her photos of Thailand this / that evening.

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“VOLUNTOURISM”: LOOK AT THE IMAGES. COMPARE AND CONTRAST
TWO OF THEM, SAYING WHICH IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO HELP
POORER COUNTRIES (3 MINUTES) P57

1. WHY DO PEOPLE DO “VOLUNTOURISM”?

2. WHAT SKILLS DO YOU NEED IN ORDER TO BE USEFUL?
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3. WOULD YOU VOLUNTEER TO GO ABROAD IN THIS WAY? WHY / WHY NOT?
QUESTIONS IN INDIRECT SPEECH (wh- and
yes
Questions become statements and do not/need
no) a question mark:
Direct question Indirect question
“Where is the Post Ofce, please?” She asked me where the Post Ofce was.

What are you doing? He asked me what I was doing.

Who was that fantastic man?” She asked me who the / that fantastic man had
been.

Do you love me?” He asked me if I loved him.

“Have you ever been to Mexico?” She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.

Are you living here?” They asked me if I was living here / there.
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QUESTIONS IN INDIRECT SPEECH (wh-
and yes / no)
1. “Why don’t you come here more often?” (she / me)
She asked me why I didn’t go there more often.
2. “Where did you go last month?” (he / them)
He asked them where they had gone / been the month before.
3. “Were you here a minute ago?” (I / them)
I asked them if they had been there a minute before.
4. “Can I try your jeans on now?” (he / his friend)
He asked his friend if / whether he could try his jeans on then.
5. “Who was playing the guitar so loud last night?” (he / the neighbour)
He asked the neighbour who had been playing the guitar so loud the night before.
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Other reporting verbs: put into direct
speech
Accuse: She accused me of deceiving her.
(1)
“You (have) deceived me”
Encourage: They encouraged him to buy the new flat.
“It would be a good idea (for you) to buy a new flat:”
Warn: We warned him not to drink too much.
“You shouldn’t drink too much.”
Regret: She regretted going out the night before . (“I regret” or “I wish”)
“I regret going out last night.” / “I wish I hadn’t gone out last night.”
Invite: Sheila was invited to go on a luxury cruise. (Would…?)
“Would you like to go / come on a luxury cruise, Sheila?”
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Other reporting verbs: put into direct
speech (2)
Agree: We agreed to meet at Waterloo Station. (Why don’t…?)
“Why don’t we meet at the station?”
Suggest: My girlfriend suggested living together. (We …)
“We could live together. “ / “How about living together?”
Persuade: We persuaded her to travel to Thailand. (Why not…?)
“Why not / Why don’t you travel to Thailand?”
Claim: The journalist claimed he was a corrupt ofcial / him to be a corrupt ofcial.
“He is a corrupt ofcial.”
Advise: My mum advised me to put on some sun cream.
“You ought to / should put on some sun cream.”
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LISTENING: LISTEN TO PART OF A RADIO PROGRAMME WITH AN
ECONOMIST AND DECIDE IF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE TRUE
OR FALSE: (CB Track 31)
http://www.english.com/goldadvanced/goldadvanced.html?page=class_audio
1. The population of New York City reached a peak in the year 2000.
2. The number of people living in New York remained relatively stable from
1900 to 1950.
3. The number of people moving out of New York overtook those moving to the
city during the 1950’s.
4. New York experienced a brief dip in its population during the 1950’s.
5. The decrease in the number of people leaving New York for the suburbs
continued until 1980.
6. There is expected to be a steep fall in the population of New York between
2020 and 2030.
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 Speaking in pairs. Travel tips
• Work in pairs and plan an itinerary for a visitor to your city / region.
• Then swap partners and give your recommendations to another student.
• Then this student should report back to his / her original partner about what
you recommended.

• Give recommendations on:

1. What to visit.
2. When to travel.
3. Tourist traps to avoid.
4. Managing to travel on a limited budget.
5. Going somewhere unusual but worthwhile. 16
 SPEAKING EXAMINATION IN JANUARY
2017
The oral exam (10 minutes) may include any or all of the following:
1. General questions (your families, homes, activities, plans, etc.) (1 minute)
2. An individual long turn each (1 minute) usually based on comparing and
contrasting images; a short turn each (20 seconds). (p126)
3. Speaking in pairs. This may be based on images or collaborative tasks like that
in the Maximiser textbook p52 Ex 1. (p128) (about 2-3 minutes)
4. Additional questions based on the pairwork. (2-3 minutes)

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