American Colonial Period

(1898 – 1940) to the Postwar

Republic (1946 – 1969)
 Major Art Movements
Bound by the Treaty of Paris in 1898, Spain
“surrendered” the Philippines to the United States.
From 1899 to 1913, the bloody Philippine-American was
occurred, claiming the lives of many Filipinos.
 What were the changes brought
about by American colonization?
How are they different from the
religious forms of the Spanish
Colonial Period?
With the coming of the Americans, Filipino playwrights who had just
undergone the Philippine Revolution of 1898 against Spain now found
themselves confronted by censorship with the issuance of the Sedition
Law which banned the writing, printing and publication of materials
advocating Philippine independence, and engaging in activities which
championed this cause.
o Tanikalang Guinto or "Golden o Hindi ako Patay or " I am
Chain" ( Juan Abad) Not Dead" 1903 (Juan
Matapang Cruz)

o Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas

or "Yesterday, Today,
Tomorrow" ( Aurelio
Tolentino)
Drama Simbolico - represent a deep and profound
yearning for freedom
 In 1915, Lino Castillejo and Jesus
Araullo authored A modern Filipina,
the first Filipino play written in
English.
Vaudeville, which originated from
France, was another form of theater
which the Americans introduced that
became popular in the Philippines during
the 1902’s.
 Bodabil
- themotley collection of
slapstick, songs, dances,
acrobatics, comedy skits, chorus
girls, magic acts, and stand-up
comic acts.

During the Japanese occupation,

players would poke fun at the Japanese
soldiers or send messages of hope
disguised as innuendos that only local
people could understand.

Some performances also conveyed

hidden messages for guerillas.
 In the beginning of the 20th century, a new
urban pattern that responded to the secular
goals of education, health and governance
was imposed.

Daniel Burnham Architect William Parsons

- commissioned by the American
government.
- implemented the
- design Manila and Baguio Burnham Plan.
 Inspired by the City Beautiful
Movement introduced in 1893 at
the Chicago World Fair, the new
urban design employed
Post Office
Neoclassic architecture for its
government edifices and
integrated parks and lawns to
make the city attractive by
making its buildings impressive
and places more inviting foe
leisure amid urban blight.

Legislative Building (now the National Art Gallery)

 Landscapes on the other hand,
Dela Rosa was known for his
became cherished as travel souvenirs, naturalist paintings.
especially those that captured the exotic
qualities of Philippine terrain.

Fabian de la Rosa succeeded the peninsulares

Rafael Enriquez as director. Planting Rice, 1921
 Fernando Amorsolo
• known for his romantic
paintings.

• genre, scenes highlighting the

beauty of dalagang Filipina,
El Kundiman , 1930 idyllic landscapes; and
historical paintings.
• a graphic artist who rendered
drawings for the textbook series Amorsolo’s design for
The Philippine Readers Ginebra San Miguel

The Independent
• Professor at UP School of Fine  Influenced by classical
Arts tradition.

Guillermo Tolentino
 Study Fine arts in Oblation (1935 original/ 1958)
Rome
 Victorio Edades

 Modern art movement

Bonifacio Monument, 1933 in influenced him.
Caloocan.
The Builders 1928 Napoleon Abueva
 Modern Art and Its Challenge to
Academic Art
What is Modern Art?

Carlos “Botong” V. Francisco Filipino Struggles Through History

Galo Ocampo Brown Madonna 1938
 Edades, Francisco and Ocampo have been regarded as
the “triumvirate” of the modern art after having worked
on several murals together.

Nature’s Beauty (ca. 1935)

 The linearity of the figures, the sensuous curves, and
the flatness of the composition closely link it with the
spirit of Art Nouveau and Art Deco, popular styles at
that time which also found expressions in architecture.

Metropolitan Theater in
Manila 1935
 Thirteen Moderns
• Edades
• Arsenio
• Capili • Anita Magsaysay-Ho
• Bonifacio • Galo Ocampo
• Cristobal • Hernando R. Ocampo
• Demetrio • Jose Pardo
• Diego • Ricarte Purunggan
• Carlos Francisco
• Cesar Legaspi
• Diosdado Lorenzo
Japanese Occupation (1941-1945)
The Japanese forces led the formation of the Greater East of Asia
Co-Prosperity sphere.

Asia for Asians

Shin- Seiki Liwayway Tribune
Felipe P. De Leon
- commanded at the point Awit sa Paglikha ngBagong
of the gun Pilipinas
Harvest scene, 1942 Rice Planting, 1942
 Genre paintings were most widely
produced, particularly those that presented a
neutral relationship between the Filipinos
and the Japaneses through works that
showed the normality of daily living.

Colonizers also preferred works that

showed indigenous and pre-colonial
traditions.

Study of an Aeta, 1943

 Bombing of the Ruins of the Manila
Intendencia, 1942 Cathedral, 1945
Artrocities in Paco Doomed Family
 Neo-Realism, Abstraction, and Other Modern
Art Styles

This search entails explorations in

Alice Guillermo recounts how subject matter, content, and form, as
artists and writers reflected about well as debates between art for art’s
national identity as Filipinos were sake and art that exposed the “true
rising from the ashes of war. social conditions” of the period.
 Tuba Drinkers, 1954
The Beggars, 1952
Gadgets II The Contrast, 1940 Genesis, 1968
 Carroza

Job was also Man

Church of Holy Sacrifice, Church of the Risen Chapel of St.
1955 Lord
Joseph the worker
 Abstraction
- Consists of simplified forms
which avoided mimetic
representation.

- referred to as non-
representational or non-
obejective art.

Angry Christ
Street Musicians, 1952 Cargadores, 1951