WHY WE MISUSE

ANTIBIOTICS
Dr.T.V.Rao MD

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 WHAT IS A ANTIBIOTIC
• An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active
against bacteria and is the most important type of
antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections. Antibiotic
medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention
of such infections. They may either kill or inhibit the growth
of bacteria. A limited number of antibiotics also possess
antiprotozoal activity. Antibiotics are not effective against
viruses such as the common cold or influenza; drugs which
inhibit viruses are termed antiviral drugs or antivirals rather
than antibiotics.
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 Antibiotic misuse
• Antibiotic misuse, sometimes
called antibiotic abuse or
antibiotic overuse, refers to
the misuse or overuse of
antibiotics, with potentially
serious effects on health. It is
a contributing factor to the
development of antibiotic
resistance, including the
creation of multidrug-
resistant bacteria, informally
called "super bugs":
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 History of
antibiotic use in
Animals
• Antibiotics have been around
since 1928 when penicillin
was discovered by Alexander
Fleming. In the 1980s,
antibiotics that were
determined medically
important for treatment of
animals could be approved
under veterinary oversight.

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 National
Antimicrobial
Resistance
Monitoring
System
• In 1996, the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring
System (NARMS) was established. Starting in 2010,
publications regarding antimicrobial drugs in food
become an annual report. Starting in 2012, there was
publicly solicited input on how data is to be collected and
reported for matters relating to the use of antimicrobials
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for food-producing animals.
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 Overuse of
antibiotics
• The overuse of antibiotics
— especially taking
antibiotics even when
they're not the
appropriate treatment —
promotes antibiotic
resistance. According to
the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention,
up to one-third to one-half
of antibiotic use in
humans is unnecessary or
inappropriate.
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 Instances of
antibiotic misuse

• Apparent viral
respiratory illness
in children should
not be treated with
antibiotics. If there
is a diagnosis of
bacterial infection,
then antibiotics
may be use
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 Other common viral
infections that don't
benefit from antibiotic
treatment include:

• Cold
• Flu (influenza)
• Bronchitis
• Most coughs
• Some ear infections
• Some sinus infections
• Stomach flu

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Taking an antibiotic for a
viral infection:
• Won't cure the infection
• Won't keep other people
from getting sick
• Won't help you or your
child feel better
• May cause unnecessary
and harmful side effects
• Promotes antibiotic
resistance

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 Inappropriate use
• Antibiotics have no effect on
viral infections such as the
common cold. They are also
ineffective against sore throats,
which are usually viral and self-
resolving. Most cases of
bronchitis (90–95%) are viral as
well, passing after a few
weeks—the use of antibiotics
against bronchitis is superfluous
and can put the patient at risk
of suffering adverse reaction

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 Antibiotics in livestock
• There has been massive use of
antibiotics in animal
husbandry. The most abundant
use of antimicrobials
worldwide is in livestock; they
are typically distributed in
animal feed or water for
purposes such as disease
prevention and growth
promotion.[28] Debates have
arisen surrounding the extent
of the impact of these
antibiotics, particularly
antimicrobial growth
promoters, on human antibiotic
resistance
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 Many lack the
Knowledge on
Antibiotics

• Although some sources

assert that there remains a
lack of knowledge on which
antibiotic use generates the
most risk to humans, policies
and regulations have been
placed to limit any harmful
effects, such as the potential
of bacteria developing
antibiotic resistance within
livestock, and that bacteria
transferring resistance genes
to human pathogens
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 Consequences of
antibiotic
resistance
• For many years, the
introduction of new
antibiotics outpaced the
development of antibiotic
resistance. In recent
years, however, the pace
of medication resistance
has contributed to an
increasing number of
health
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 Consequences
of antibiotic
resistance
• Approximately 2
million infections
from antibiotic-
resistant bacteria
occur in the United
States each year,
resulting in 23,000
deaths.
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Consequences of
antibiotic Misuse
• Other consequences of
medication-resistant infections
include:
• More-serious illness
• Longer recovery
• More-frequent or longer
hospitalization
• More doctor visits
• More-expensive treatments

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 SAY NO TO MISUSE OF ANTIBIOTICS

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 •PROGRAM CREATED BY Dr.T.V.Rao MD FOR
CREATING AWARENESS ON MISUSE OF
ANTIBIOTICS
• Email
• doctortvrao@gmail.com

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