Department of Management Studies
CONTROL CHARTS
Submitted to:-
Arjinder mam (Assist. Prof)
Submitted By:-
Maninder Kaur(2217026)
Manpreet Kaur(2217027)
Meenakshi (2217028)
Megha Arora (2217029)
Mishu (2217030)
Statistical process control is defined as the application
of statistical techniques to determine whether a process
is functioning as desired. World- class companies
combine early inspection with Statistical Process
Control (SPC) to monitor quality and detect and correct
abnormalities.Using SPC, the process is monitored
through sampling.Important decisions in implementing
such programs include how to measure quality
characteristics what sample to collect,and which stage
in the process,to conduct inspections.
Meaning:A control chart is a statistical technique for
controlling the quality of product being manufactured.It
was developed by Dr. shewart after those name these
charts are also called Shewart Chart.It is based upon
the fact that variability does exist in all the repetitive
processes.A contro chart is a graphical representation of
the collected information.The information may pertain
to measured quality characteristics or judged quality
characteristics of samples.
 A control chart indicates whether the process is in
control or out of control.
 It determines the process variability and decision
unusual variation taking place in process.
 It ensure product quality level.
 It Provides information about the selection of process
and setting of tolerance limits.
 Control chart build up the reputation of the
organization through customer’s satisfaction.
Control charts are of two types:
1) CONTROL CHARTS FOR VARIABLES
a) Control charts for average/mean or X-conrol chart
b) Control chart f Range or R- chart
2) CONTROL CHART FOR DEFECTIVE
ATTRIBUTES
o Defectives in Fractions
a) P-chart
b) nP-Chart
o Defectives in numbers
a) C-Chart
Control charts based upon measurement of quality
characteristics are called as control charts for
variables.The variable control charts that are most
commonly used are average charts, range chart and
standard deviation charts.
A mean chart is used to measure the mean. It helps in
the control of variation in the process average. In
order to do so, we have to fix limits known as control
limits for the values of mean. The moment the sample
means exceeds the contorl limits, we say that the
process is out of control and requires immediate
attention.
Range chart is used to control process
variability. It is often presented alongwith Mean
chart.To calculate the range of sample data,the
difference between the largest and the smallest
measurement is taken in each sample.In case
any of sample data falls outside the control
limits, the process variability is said to be out
of control. The control limits for R-charts are:
_
UCLR= D4 R
X and R charts can be used simultaneously judge the
quality of the process as follows:
1) Where R-Charts show the all point within
control limit
a) If in X-charts, the lie beyond one of the control
limits, it show that process level has shifted.
b) If in X- charts, the lie beyond both of control limits,
it shows that process level changing at random and
need frequent adjustment.
a) If X- charts shows points beyond one of the control
limits, it signifies that process level variability have
changed.
b) If X- charts shows points beyond both of control
limits,then this implies that variability has
increased.
c) If point X and R- charts are too close the central
line,then it shows that there exists systematic
difference within sub- groups.
 Mean and R- chart can be used for quality
characteristics which can be only expressed
numerically.
 These chatrs use one quality characteristics only at a
time say height or weight etc.
 It is costly to measure the variables using mean and
R- chart.
 The usage is limited to critical characteristics only
due to the high cost involved.