Vector Control

Mosquito

Blok Tropical Medicine

Dept. Parasitologi
FK USU
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Transmission of vector-borne diseases

Mechanical
Susceptible
Pathogen host
Reservoir Vector
Definitive
Biological host

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 Biological transmission
Propagative Cyclo-propagative
•Multiply •Develop and multiply
•Dengue virus •Plasmodium sp.

Cyclo- Transovarian
developmental •Vector offsprings
•Develop •Dengue, chikungunya
•Filaria

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 Nature of mosquito
• Larvae and pupae are always found in water.
• Adults (male and female) feed on nectar and
other sugary fluids.
• Females of most species need blood for egg
development.
• In temperate climate  diapause (adults in
dormant stage) or produce dormant eggs.

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Breeding groups
• Permanent water
– eg. Anopheles and Culex
– Swamps, ponds, lakes,
ditches
• Floodwater
– Salt marsh, inland flood, rice
fields
• Artificial container or tree
holes
– Aedes aegypti, Ae albopictus

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 Factors in disease transmission
and control
• Preference to human (anthropophyli) or
animal (zoophyli)
• Life span
• Feeding and resting habits: endophagic,
exophagic, endophilic, exophilic
• Susceptibility towards pathogens
• Insecticide resistance

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 Objectives of vector control
Reduce vector population Prevent vector-human
contact

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 Vector Control
Natural Control Artificial Control
• Geographic and topographic • Environmental :
factors – Modification
• Climate changes – Manipulation
• Predators • Chemical
• Insect diseases • Mechanical
• Physical
• Biological
• Genetic
• Legislative

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Environmental modification
• Related with physics of environment
• Strategies:
– Arranging irrigation system
– Filling ground depression
– Removing standing waters, e.g. ditching marshy
areas
– Draining swamps
– Forest  community settlement

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Environmental
manipulation
• Related with cleaning or
maintaining physics of
environment
• Strategies:
– Reducing water plant
– Salinity arrangement
– Conserving mangrove tree
– Draining the sewages

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Chemical control
• Larvicides
• Adulticides (insecticides)
• Repellent

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Mechanical
control

• Utilizing tools to kill/trap

mosquitoes
• Wearing long sleeves, trousers,
wire mesh at windows
• Insecticide-treated bednets
(ITNs)

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Physical control
• Temperature
• Sun lights
• Electric current
• Sounds

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Biological control
• Using biological
organism to control
insects
• Benefit: less non target
effecs
• Methods: larvivorous
fish, predaceous fish
(Gambusia affinis,
Cyprinodontidae),
Toxorhynchites larvae,
mesocyclops.
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Meet Toxorinchytis!
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 Genetic control

• Using genetic technology to reduce mosquito

population or block its development.
• Method: sterilizing males, chromosome
translocation, cytoplasmic incompatibility,
hybrid sterility.

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Legislative control
• Regulation
• Law enforcement

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