Key Concepts in Child and

Adolescent
Ma. Jovillea T.Palanca
Adapted from
Dr. Claire B. Goda’s Presentation
Dr: Magda Abd El Aziz
 change

development
improvement
 What is development?
• orderly appearance of physical
structures, psychological traits,
behaviors
• ways of adapting to the demands of
life over time (Rathus, 2008).
• the way that people grow and change
as they age.
• qualitative and quantitative.
How would you describe the physical
structures of
Babies?
Teenagers
Adults between 30-40
Senior Citizens
How would you describe the behaviors
of
Babies
Teenagers
25-35 years old
Senior citizens?
What is development?

• Quantitative
is a change in
number such as
height, weight, size of
vocabulary or
frequency of
communication
What is development?

• Qualitative
Is a kind of
change in kind,
structure, or
organization
What is growth?

• changes in size or
quantity (Rathus,
2008).
Growth refers to an increase in physical size
of the whole body or any of its parts.

It is simply a quantitative change in the child’s

body.

It can be measured in Kg, pounds, meters,

inches, ….. etc
 What is child development?
• scientific study
of processes of
change and
stability from
conception
through
adolescence
((Papalia et.al.,
2006).
What are the three major domains of child development?

Physical Cognitive
- this domain includes growth of - this domain includes change
the body and brain, the and stability in mental abilities,
development of sensory such as learning, memory,
capacities and motor skills, and language, thinking, moral
health and may influence other reasoning and creativity.
domains.

Psychosocial
- this domain includes change
and stability in personality,
emotional life, and social
relationships, and this can affect
cognitive and physical
functioning.
• Development
• Quantitative
• Qualitative
• Growth
• Child
development
• Major Domains
 Why do we study child development?

To gain insight into/of…

• human nature
• origins of adult behavior
• sex differences, gender differences, and
effects of culture on development
• origins, prevention, and treatment of
developmental problems
• Optimize conditions of development
What do people do
to improve the
quality of human
life?
• Development
• Quantitative
• Qualitative
• Growth
• Child
development
• Major Domains
 As future teachers, what is the
importance of having an in depth
background of child and adolescent
development?
 Principles of Growth &
Development
• Continuous process

• Predictable Sequence

• Don’t progress at the same rate (↑ periods of GR in early childhood and

adolescents & ↓ periods of GR in middle childhood)

• Not all body parts grow in the same rate at the same time.

• Each child grows in his/her own unique way.

• Each stage of G&D is affected by the preceding types of development.

 Significant Facts About Development

1. Early foundations are critical.

vital

important

dangerous
The first years of life are the
most formative for the
human brain
Old twigs are difficult to ______.

Old habits don’t die ______.

How do these two maxims relate

to the first significant fact: Early
foundations are critical?
Behaviors
Skills
values
 Significant Facts About Development

2. Maturation and learning play an

important role in development. Both
are components of development

Maturation

• unfolding of the individual’s innate

traits.
the raw material for learning
• determines the more general patterns
and sequences of behavior.
 What is Maturation?
Think back on when you were a very
young child. Can you remember being
physically small? How about the way
you solved problems when you were
very young? I'll bet it was very
simplistic compared to how you figure
things out now.
 What is Maturation
• Maturation is the process by which
we change, grow, and develop
throughout life.
• Maturation is the physical,
intellectual, or emotional process of
development. Maturation is often not
quantifiable, and it too is mostly
influenced by genetics.
 Significant Facts About Development

• Phylogenetic functions
-individual’s genetic make-up.
-found to be universal in normally
developing children across categories
-creeping, sitting and walking,
-development comes from maturation.
 Significant Facts About Development

• Learning
- development that comes from
exercise and effort of the individual’s
part.
 Significant Facts About Development

• Ontogenetic
functions
-Experiences rather
than as a function of
the genetic make-up
of an individual.
- specific to the
individual,
training
- as driving a car
or swimming
 Significant Facts About Development

3. Development follows a definite and

predictable pattern.

The laws of developmental direction are:

Cephalocaudal law- development spreads

over the body from head to foot.
Significant Facts About Development

• Cephalocaudal law

head

foot
 Significant Facts About Development

• Proximodistal law
- maintains that development spreads
outward
- from the central axis of the body to
the extremities.
Significant Facts About Development
GROWTH PATTERN
Types of growth and
development
 Stages of Growth and
Development
• Prenatal • Middle Childhood
- Embryonic (conception- 8 w) - School age
- Fetal stage (8-40 or 42 w) - 6 to 12 years
• Infancy
- Neonate
- Birth to end of 1 month • Late Childhood
- Infancy
- 1 month to end of 1 year
- Adolescent
• Early Childhood - 13 years to approximately
- Toddler 18 years
- 1-3 years
- Preschool
- 3-6 years
Factors affecting growth and
development:
Internal environment
 Significant Facts About Development

4. All individuals are different.

As Henry David
Thoreau said, “you
are a marvel.”
Everyone on our
planet different and
special in their own
way.
 Significant Facts About Development
5. Each phase of development has characteristics
behavior.
 Significant Facts About Development

6. Each phase of
development has
hazards.
7. Development can be
aided by stimulation.
 Baby
Baby begins to masters
S crawl and grasp
things
balance
and
T grasping
things
I
M
U
L
A
T Child is
encouraged by
grandmother
I Child is nurtured
O by mother
Perceptions, nurturing, and
N practice allow baby to fine-tune
grasping
©2008 The McGraw-
Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved.
 Significant Facts About Development

8. Development is
affected by
cultural changes
 Significant Facts About Development

9. There are social

expectations for
every stage of
development.
 Significant Facts About Development

10. There are

traditional beliefs
about people of all
ages.
 Lolo Jose – Asin
• Noong panahong siya • Mahusay ang
ay hari kanyang talumpati
Masigla ang kanyang Makisig kung siya ay
pagbati magdamit
Mahigpit ang hawak Malalim ang kanyang
ng mga daliri pag-iisip
At ang lakad nama’y At lahat ay sa kanya
matuwid nakatitig
• Ngunit ngayong • At ang unang tanong
siya’y pagod na sa umaga
Mahina na rin ang Kung ano ang
katawan kanyang nagawa
Pinagmamasdan na Sa paglipas ng
lamang sa bintana siyamnapung taon
Ang unti-unting Nang siya’y malakas
pagdaloy ng ulan at bata pa
• CHORUS • Sa piling ng mga
Si Lolo Jose, si Lolo alaala
Jose Lagi na lamang nag-
Si Lolo Jose ay iisa
matanda na Kahit sulyap, walang
Ngunit mahal ko pa si maaasahan
Lolo Jose Sa anak na ‘di man
Kahit siya ngayon ay siya mapagbigyan
laos na
• At ang unang tanong • Sa dilim ng kanyang
sa umaga pag-aasam
Kung mayro’n pa Maghapon na lang
siyang magigisnan nakabantay
Na liwanag sa Kung kanyang
nalalabing buhay matatanaw pa ang
Ngayon siya’y hiwaga
matanda at laos na Nang hindi malimot
• Repeat CHORUS] niyang nakaraan
• At ang diwa ng • At ang hirap ng nasa
kahapon puso
‘Di na matagpuan ‘Di na mapapantayan
At ang sinag ng Kung maari lang,
umaga maari lang
Dinaanan ng ulan Pawiin ang dusa
• [Repeat CHORUS]

Listen to Songs:
http://videokeman.com/asin/lolo-jose-
asin/#ixzz1QYKcNU8M