SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CEMENT

WITH HYPO SLUDGE

PROJECT BATCH MEMBERS:

PROJECT GUIDE: 1. ELANGOVAN.N
Mr.P.S.VENKATANARAYANAN, 2. HEMANTH KISHORE.S
AP/CIVIL ENGINEERING, 3. JAY PRAKASH.R
SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, IV YEAR B.E CIVILENGINEERING,
COIMBATORE-641035 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY,
COIMBATORE-641035
 CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. Objectives of the project work
3. Materials and methods
4. Strength properties of concrete
5. Conculusions of project work
6. Scope for future work
1.INTRODUCTION
 Millons of tonnes of solid industrial waste are produced in India every year.

 A large quantity of this is contributed by paper industry.

 Fresh paper which are `until the paper fibres become short and weak.

 After reaching this stage the sludge is thrown in bulk quantities as a waste.

 The hypo sludge waste is one of the solid wastes generated in paper industry during
calcium hypo chlorite generation.

 Hypo sludge is purely chemical waste and requires large spaces of landfill for their disposal.

 Use of these wastes in cement concrete can not only solve the problem of their disposal but
also economize the concrete by partial replacement of cement.
2.OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT WORK

 To investigate the utilization of Hypo Sludge as Supplementary Cementations Material

(SCM) in concrete for partial replacement of cement by 10%, 20% and 30% by weight

 To compare the strength properties of concrete with hypo sludge and control concrete.

 To optimize the content of hypo sludge in concrete.

3.MATERIALS AND METHODS
MATERIALS USED

Material Description Code for Testing

Cement OPC – 53 grade IS: 12269 (2013)
Hypo sludge Paper industry waste
Fine aggregate River sand Zone II , IS 383
(1970)
Coarse aggregate Crushed stones, IS: 383 (1970)
20 mm maximum size
water Potable water IS: 456-2000
METHODES
Concrete mixture number
M1 M2 M3 M4
Cement 400 360 320 280
(kg/m3)
Natural 585 585 585 585
sand(kg/m3)
Coarse
aggregate 1231 1231 1231 1231
(kg/m3)
Replacemen 0% 10% 20% 30%
t of cement
with hypo
sludge (%)
Water 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45
cement
ratio
Water 191 191 191 191
(kg/m3)
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
METERIAL TEST TEST RESULT

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 3.15

CEMENT TEST
FINENESS TEST 2.5
HYPO SLUDGE SPECIFIC GRAVITY 2.17
TEST
FINENESS MODULUS 3.82
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 2.88
COARSE TEST
AGGREGATE FINENESS MODULUS 6.89

SPECIFIC GRAVITY 2.33

FINE AGGEREGATE TEST
FINENESS MODULUS 2.50
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CEMENT

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CEMENT(%)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 21.77

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 4.19

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 2.41

Calcium oxide (CaO) 62.02

Magnesium oxide (MgO) 02.71

Loss on Ignition 0.65

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYPOSLUDGE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION HYPO SLUDGE(%)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 9.27

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 1.45

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 1.68

Calcium oxide (CaO) 29.83

Magnesium oxide (MgO) 4.28

Loss on Ignition 49.24

ECONOMIC FEASABILITY
 Cost analysis is carried out for the optimum proportion of percentage of hypo sludge in
concrete.
 This project was carried out in our near by sectors.
 The cost is compared to the conventional concrete.
 Cost Of Materials
Cost of cement per bag = Rs.350.00
Cost of sand per m3 = Rs.867.20
Cost of hypo sludge per kg = Rs.2
Cost of coarse of aggregate per m3 = Rs.561.40
(All the rates are inclusive of lead charges)
4.STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
 Type of Size in mm Test Code
specimen

Cube 150*150*150 Compressive IS:516 (1959)

strength

Cylinder Diameter -150 Split tensile stength IS:516 (1959)

Height – 300
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF AFTER 7 DAYS
PERCENTAGE COMPRESSIVE % INCREASE IN
OF STREGTH(N/mm COMPRESSIVE
S.NO HYPOSLUDGE 2)@ 7 DAYS STRENGTH
ADDED WITH RESPECT
TO CONTROL
CONCRETE

1 0% 27.00
(control)

2 10% 28.16 4.30%

3 20% 29.72 10.07%

4 30% 27.33 0.85%

BAR CHART

30 29.72
Compressive strength N/mm2 @ 7 days

29
28.16
28
27.00 27.23
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
0% 10% 20% 30%
% of hypo sludge added
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF AFTER 28DAYS

PERCENTAGE COMPRESSIVE % INCREASE IN

OF STREGTH(N/mm COMPRESSIVE
S.NO HYPOSLUDGE 2)@ 28 DAYS STRENGTH
ADDED WITH RESPECT
TO CONTROL
CONCRETE

1 0% 28.00
(control)

2 10% 29.14 4.07%

3 20% 30.85 10.17%

4 30% 28.99 3.54%

BAR CHART
Compressive strength N/mm2 @ 28 days

35
30.85
30 28.00 29.14 28.99

25

20

15

10

0
0% 10% 20% 30%

% of hypo sludge added

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

33

32

31

30

29
7days
28
14days
27 28days
26

25

24
0% 10% 20% 30%
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF AFTER 28 DAYS

PERCENTAGE COMPRESSIVE % INCREASE IN

OF STREGTH COMPRESSIVE
S.NO HYPOSLUDGE (N/mm2)@ 28 STRENGTH
ADDED DAYS WITH RESPECT
TO CONTROL
CONCRETE

1 0% 15.05
(control)

2 10% 15.39 2.26%

3 20% 16.09 6.91%

4 30% 14.74 -2.05%

BAR CHART

18
Split tensile strength strength N/mm2

15.39 16.09
15.05 14.74
15

12

6
@ 28 days`

0
0% 10% 20% 30%

% of hypo sludge added

5.CONCLUSION

1. Hypo sludge was used for partial replacement of cement in concrete in three replacement
levels namely 10%, 20% and 30%.
2. The compressive strength of concrete with hypo sludge was more than the control
concrete at all ages.
i) At 10% replacement level, the 7th day compressive strength of concrete
with hypo sludge increased by 4.3% with respect to control concrete.
ii) At 20% replacement level, the 7th day compressive strength of concrete
with hypo sludge increased by 10.07% with respect to control concrete.
iii) At 30% replacement level, the 7th day compressive strength of concrete
with hypo sludge increased by 0.85% with respect to control concrete.
iv) At 10% replacement level, the 14th day compressive strength of concrete
with hypo sludge increased by 3.86% with respect to control concrete.
v) At 20% replacement level, the 14th day compressive strength of concrete
with hypo sludge increased by 10.28% with respect to control concrete.
vi) At 30% replacement level, the 14th day compressive strength of concrete
with hypo sludge increased by 6.00% with respect to control concrete
 vii) At 10% replacement level, the 28th day compressive strength of concrete
with hypo sludge increased by 4.07 with respect to control concrete.
viii) At 20% replacement level, the 28th day compressive strength of concrete
with hypo sludge increased by 10.17% with respect to control concrete.
ix) At 30% replacement level, the 28th day compressive strength of concrete
with hypo sludge increased by 3.54% with respect to control concrete
3. The split tensile strength of concrete with hypo sludge was more than the control concrete.
i) At 10% replacement level the split tensile strength of concrete with hypo
sludge increased by 2.25% with respect to the control concrete.
ii) At 20% replacement level the split tensile strength of concrete with hypo
sludge increased by 6.91% with respect to the control concrete.
iii) At 30% replacement level the split tensile strength of concrete with hypo
sludge decreased by 2.05% with respect to the control concrete.
4. The optimum content for replacement of cement with hypo sludge was 20% because
maximum increase in compressive strength was obtained at this replacement level.
6.SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

 Large amount of wate papers are available in the environment.

 To reduce the demand of cement.
 The use of hypo sludge as a partial replacement for cement.
 To reduce the cost of the construction.
 Use of waste in useful manner.