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Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Objectives
Objectives
Management Challenges
Figure 6-1
6.5 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Bit
• Binary digit
• Represents 0 or 1
Byte
• String of eight bits
• Stores one number, symbol, character, part of
picture
Figure 6-2
6.7 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Primary Storage
• Located near CPU
• Stores all or part of active software program
• Stores operating system software
• Stores data the program is using
Primary Storage
• Composed of semi-conductors
• RAM (random access memory): Used for short-
term, temporary storage
• ROM (read-only memory): Semiconductor
memory chips with program instructions
Figure 6-3
6.11 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Computer Processing
Microprocessors
• Semiconductor chips integrate memory, logic, and control
circuits for entire CPU
• Speed depends on number of bits processed at one time;
amount of data that can be moved between devices; and
cycle speed (MHz)
• RISC (reduced instruction set computing) increases speed;
used for scientific, workstation computing
Computer Processing
Parallel processing
• Multiple CPUs work simultaneously on same
problem
• More than one instruction processed at a time
• Massively parallel computers: use hundreds,
thousands of processing chips
Figure 6-4
6.14 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Figure 6-5
6.16 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Input Devices
• Keyboard and mouse
• Touch screen
• Optical character recognition
• Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)
• Pen-based input
• Digital scanner
• Audio input
• Sensors
• Radio-frequency identification (RFID)
Output Devices
Batch Processing
• Accumulates and stores transactions in group or batch until
time to process them
• Found primarily in older systems for occasional reporting
• Use tape storage
Online Processing
• Transactions processed immediately
• Use disk storage
Interactive Multimedia
• Integrates sound, video or animation, graphics,
text into computer-based application
• Streaming technology
• New compression standards: MP3 (MPEG3)
Classifying Computers
Classifying Computers
Client/server computing
Figure 6-6
6.24 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Figure 6-7
6.25 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Types of Software
Types of Software
Figure 6-8
6.28 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Types of Software
Types of Software
Types of Software
PC Operating Systems
• Software written for one OS generally cannot run
on another
• Graphical User Interface (GUI): Dominant model
for user interface for operating systems and
applications
Types of Software
Types of Software
Window on Management
Types of Software
Types of Software
Types of Software
Types of Software
Types of Software
Types of Software
Object-Oriented Programming
• Combine data and methods (procedures) into one
object
• Objects are independent, reusable building blocks
• Based on concepts of class and inheritance
Types of Software
Figure 6-9
6.40 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Types of Software
Java
• Object-oriented
• Platform-independent
• Robust; handles data, graphics, video, sound
• Can create “applets”; often used on Web
• Java applications tend to run slower than “native”
programs
Types of Software
Types of Software
Types of Software
Figure 6-10
6.44 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Types of Software
Spreadsheet software
Figure 6-11
6.45 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Types of Software
Figure 6-12
6.46 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Types of Software
Types of Software
Types of Software
Figure 6-13
6.49 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Types of Software
Types of Software
Figure 6-14
6.51 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise
Types of Software
Window on Technology
• Hardware acquisition
• Software acquisition
• Installation
• Training
• Support
• Maintenance
• Infrastructure
• Downtime
• Space and energy
Types of Software
Figure 6-15
6.57 © 2005 by Prentice Hall
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e
Chapter 6 Hardware and Software in the Enterprise