Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Introduction
Trunked radio systems a method of wireless
data transmission.
Use many different radio carriers but only assign
a specific carrier to a certain user for a short
period of time according to demand.
EX. Rescue teams, taxi services and transport
companies all have their own unique carrier
frequency in traditional systems, they can
share a whole group of frequencies in trunked
radio systems for better frequency reuse via FDM
and TDM techniques.
2
Radio Trunking
3
Advantage of Digital Trunking System over Analogue
Trunking System:
• More reliable
• Flexible
• Have connectivity with internet
• Low noise
4
What is TETRA ? TErrestrial Trunked RAdio
5
TETRA – The New European Standard for Digital Trunking
1. 400 MHz
380 - 400 MHz for public safety systems
410 - 430 MHz for commercial applications
7
Milestones in the TETRA
standard
• 1990: standardisation start
• 1991: standard based on TDMA technology
with 4 timeslot and 25 kHz band
• 1998: first systems installation
• 2000: presence of 32 TETRA network in 21
countries
8
Conventional TETRA network
Network Line
Management Dispatcher
SwMI
Other TETRA
network
PABX, PSTN,
Intranet /
Internet ISDN
IP gateway,
Firewall
9
10
TETRA is superior PMR technology
• Individual and group communications
• Direct mode communication between radios
• Packet data and fast data transfer services
• Over-the-air programming of radios
• Frequency economy
• Fast call set-up time
• Security features
• Encryption
11
TETRA Voice + Data Services
• Bearer services:
• Circuit switched mode
• Connection oriented packet data
• Connectionless packet data
• Teleservices:
• Speech for individual call, group call, acknowledged
group call, broadcast call
DMO
AIR IF
TEI
ISI
14
WORLD USAGE
15
TETRA TDMA
16
TETRA is the Cost - Effective
Technology
Four-channel TDMA gives Trunking technology supports
excellent spectrum economy - controlled use of shared
4 channels in one 25 kHz networks
carrier
17
TETRA Connectivity
Public
Data
Network
LAN/WAN
Internet
2B+D
30B+D
ISDN
ISI SERV 69
STOCKHOLM
TRAFIK 2
F ABC B
OK
C
TEI
PSTN
PABX
• Group call
• Emergency call
– Any of the above types can be an emergency call
– Highest level of call priority, may pre-empt other users
– Call type and called party are pre-programmed
– Operated by pressing dedicated red emergency
button
– Broadcast calls. 19
TETRA Traffic case - simplex calls
• Simplex Calls
– Mobile is either transmitting or receiving
– Requires operation of PTT switch (Push To Talk)
– Talk time is usually limited, typically 1 minute
maximum
– Group calls are always
simplex
20
TETRA Traffic case - duplex calls
• Duplex Calls
– Mobile is transmitting and receiving (like GSM phone
call)
– Does not require holding PTT to continue transmission
– Recommended for making measurements - no talk
timer
– Phone calls are usually but not always duplex
21
TETRA Traffic case - Message trunking
Blah
Hello Blah
Hello
blah
Hello blah
Hello
blah
Hello blah
Hello
Hello
Hello Hello
Hello Hello
Hello
23
TETRA Traffic case - Private call
• Private call (individual call)
– A call between 2 parties within the TETRA network
– May be either simplex or duplex
– May be either hook signalling or direct set-up
– The mobile may reject or modify some combinations
24
TETRA Traffic case - Phone call
• Phone call (PSTN or PABX call)
– A call between a TETRA user and a fixed or mobile
phone
– Call is set up via the TETRA network’s PSTN
Gateway
– Call is normally duplex, hook signalling
25
TETRA Traffic case - Group call
• Group call
– A call between more than 2 parties
– Only possible if one or more groups have been
attached
26
Difference between GSM and TETRA System
Do not maintain privacy and mutual Maintain privacy and mutual security.
security.
Direct Mode Operation(DMO) is not Direct Mode Operation(DMO) is
possible. possible, which supports voice and
data transmission without a Base
Station between Radio Terminals.27
THANK YOU
28