Process Description

English Learning Station Abirami Vetrivel 1

 Process Description
1. To describe a process, analyze the diagram so you'd
be able to comprehend each stage of the process.
2. Time words and phrases help when you mention each
stage. Use them to your advantage.
3. Likewise, use the passive, and present and past
participle clauses in the descriptions.
4. In all cases, it is recommended that you organize your
thoughts via an outline, or any technique you're familiar
with, before you start writing.
5. Finally, always check if all the essential information
from the picture or diagram is in your description.
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• First, the letter is written. Then the letter is put in an
envelope. Following this, the address is written on
the letter and a stamp is stuck on. After this, the
letter is posted.
• Then, the post is collected and taken to the post
office, where it is sorted. Later, the sorted letter is
delivered. After delivery, the letter is received,
opened and read. On reading the letter, it is thrown
away.
• Next, the disposed letter is collected from the trash.
Then, the paper is recycled and is now ready to use.
The recycled paper is bought from a shop and once
again is used to write letters.
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 How A Photocopier Works
are then applied charged emerges enables
is given is then transferred to produce
Static electricity ----------- a photocopier ----------- almost
instant copies of the documents. At the heart of the machine
is a metal drum which ----------- a negative charge at the
beginning of the copying cycle. The optical system then
projects an image of the document on the drum. The electric
charge disappears where light strikes the metal surface, so
only dark parts of the image remain ------Positively charged
particles of toner powder ----------to the drum. The charged
parts of the drum attract the dark powder, which ----------- to
a piece of paper. A heater seals the powder to the paper, and a
warm copy of the document ----------- from the photocopier
English Learning Station 5
 How A Photocopier Works
Static electricity enables a photocopier to produce almost
instant copies of the documents. At the heart of the
machine is a metal drum which is given a negative charge
at the beginning of the copying cycle. An image of the
document on the drum is projected by the optical system.
The electric charge disappears where light strikes the
metal surface, so only dark parts of the image remain
charged. Positively charged particles of toner powder are
then applied to the drum. The charged parts of the drum
attract the dark powder, which is then transferred to a
piece of paper. The powder is sealed to the paper by a
heater, and a warm copy of the document emerges from
the photocopier.
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 Gap-fill exercise
are conveyed are cut are felled
are found are mixed
are placed are produced
are removed are sawn
are transported bleached crushed
dried is cleaned is made
is passed is squeezed is stripped

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1 Paper ------ from wood.
2 Many of the world’s paper mills ------ in those
countries which have great forests - Canada,
Sweden and Finland.
3 The trees ------ , or cut down.
4 The branches and leaves ------.
5 The trees ------ to the sawmill.
6 The bark ------ from the trunks.

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7 The trunks ------ into logs.

8 They ------ to the paper mill.

9 They ------ in the shredder.
10 They ------ into small chips.
11 They ------ with water and acid.
12 They are heated and ------ to a heavy pulp.
13 This ------ wood pulp.
English Learning Station 9
14 It is also chemically ------ to whiten it.
15 It ------ through rollers to flatten it.
16 Sheets of wet paper ------.

17 The water ------ from the sheets.

18 These sheets are ------ and refined until the
finished paper is produced.

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 From Oilfield to Petrol Station
Use the information in the following flow diagram to describe the stages
from the discovery of oil to the sale of petrol in the filling station.

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Oil is one of the most important
commodities in the modern world.
The process begins in the oil field.
First the oil has to be located.
Once the oil has been found,
pipelines are built to pump the oil to
storage tanks.
The next step is the most important one - refining.
The crude oil is refined to produce different
products such as petrol, aviation fuel, diesel, and
tar.

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Sulphur and water have to be removed, and
sometimes other chemicals are added to improve
the quality of the petrol.
After the petrol is refined it is stored in huge
tanks.
It is then shipped to countries all around the
world in massive supertankers, and transported to
petrol stations in tankers.
At the stations, the petrol is stored underground
in tanks and then finally it is ready to be pumped
into your car.

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English Learning Station 14