LINES AND TUBES OF FLOW.

CONTINUITY JET.

LAMINAR AND TURBULENT

FLOWS
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES THAT THIS LESSON
IS CONTRIBUTING TO

• 11.2.1.12 compare steady and turbulent flow;

• 11.2.1.16 - use the equation of continuity to
solve problems S1v1= S2v2, or v2/v1 = S1/ S2,
where v is velocity of flow;
 VOCABULARY FOR TODAY
English Russian
Lines Линии
tubes Трубки
flow Течение (ток)
jet струя
Laminar Ламинарное
turbulent турбулентное
The viscosity of liquid Вязкость жидкости
• The lines of the flow is a lines, tangent to which at all
points coincide with the directions of the fluid velocities at
these points
• Линии тока-линии , касательные к которым во всех точках совпадают с направлениями
скоростей жидкости в этих точках
• The tube of flow is a part of the liquid bounded by the
current lines
• Трубка тока-часть жидкости , ограниченная линиями
тока
Let us first define what a flow is:
a flow is the continuous movement of a fluid, i.e. either a
liquid or a gas, from one place to another.
Basically there exist two types of flows, namely
laminar flows and turbulent flows.
Roughly speaking we can say that a laminar flow is a
'simple' flow while a turbulent flow is a 'complicated' flow.
• Turbulent motions are very common in Nature. Turbulence occurs nearly
everywhere: in the oceans, in the atmosphere, in rivers, even in stars and
galaxies. In fact it is easier to find a turbulent flow than a flow that is really
laminar. Here are a few examples of turbulent flows:
• The wake of a ship or submarine is turbulent.
• The swirls and eddies in a fast flowing river are turbulent.
• The air currents in the atmosphere are turbulent.
• The outer layer of the Sun, i.e. the convection zone, is highly turbulent.
 УРАВНЕНИЕ НЕРАЗРЫВНОСТИ

The liquid is incompressible

and it is impossible to form
voids in it. This condition of
continuity of a jet

∆m=ρυ∆St υ1/ υ2 =s2/ s1

r1.υ1.s1 ∆t = r2.υ2.s2∆t = const - The velocities are
inversely proportional
υ1.∆s1 =υ2. ∆s2 = const to the areas of the
sections
Where is the biggest velocity of a flow?
Where is the lowest velocity of a flow?
 PROBLEMS
• 1. Water at a pressure of 3.00 × 105 Pa flows through a horizontal pipe at a
speed of 1.00 m/s. The pipe narrows to one-fourth its original diameter.
What is the speed of the flow in the narrow section?

• 2. A 2.0 cm diameter faucet tap fills a 2.5 × 10−2 m3 container in 30.0 s. What
is the speed at which the water leaves the faucet?

• 3. The time required to fill a glass with water from a large container with a
spigot is 30.0 s. If you replace the spigot with a smaller one so that the speed
of the water leaving the nozzle doubles, how long does it take to fill the
glass?
• 4. Water flows through a rubber hose 3.0 cm in
diameter at a velocity of 5.0 m/s. If the hose is
coupled into a nozzle that has a diameter of
0.50 cm, what is the new speed of the fluid?
 HOME TASK

• P. 293*294