Mitosis

Division of the Nucleus

 Cell division

– Mitosis stages:
– Prophase
– Metaphase
– Anaphase
– Telophase
– Cytokinesis often overlaps telophase

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Cell division

– A mitotic spindle is required to divide the

chromosomes
– is composed of microtubules (protein)
– produced by centrosomes, structures in the
cytoplasm that
– Organize microtubule arrangement
– Contain a pair of centrioles (in animal cells)

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Cell division

– Interphase
– In the cytoplasm:
– Cytoplasmic contents double
– Two centrosomes form
– In the nucleus:
– Chromosomes duplicate during S phase

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

INTERPHASE
 Cell Division

– Prophase
– In the cytoplasm
– Microtubules begin to form the spindle
– In the nucleus
– Chromosomes coil and become compact
– Nucleoli disappear

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

PROPHASE
 Cell division

– Prophase
– Spindle microtubules attach to
chromosomes
– The nuclear envelope disappears

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Late PROPHASE
 Cell division

– Metaphase
– Spindle is fully formed
– Chromosomes align at the cell equator

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

METAPHASE
 Cell division

– Anaphase
– Sister chromatids separate at the centromeres
– Daughter chromosomes are moved to opposite
poles of the cell

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

ANAPHASE
 Cell division

– Telophase
-The nuclear envelope re-forms
-Chromatin uncoils
-Nucleoli reappear
-The spindle disappears

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

TELOPHASE AND CYTOKINESIS
 Cell division

– Cytokinesis
– Cytoplasm is divided into separate cells

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Cytokinesis differs for plant and animal cells

– Cytokinesis
– Cleavage in animal cells
– A cleavage furrow forms from a contracting ring of
microfilaments

– Cytokinesis in plant cells

– A cell plate forms in the middle from vesicles containing
cell wall material

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Cleavage
furrow

Cleavage furrow Contracting ring of

microfilaments

Daughter cells
 Wall of Cell plate Daughter
parent cell forming nucleus

Cell wall New cell wall

Vesicles containing Cell plate Daughter cells

cell wall material
Which cell is in Anaphase?
Identify the labeled stages of mitosis.
 Review
• Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a
cell completed mitosis but not cytokinesis, what would be
the result?
– A. A cell with a single large nucleus
– B. A cell with high concentrations of actin and myosin
– C. A cell with two nuclei
– D. A cell with two abnormally small nuclei
– E. A cell with two nuclei but with half the amount of DNA
 Review
• The formation of a cell plate is beginning across the
middle of a cell and nuclei are re-forming at opposite
ends of the cell. What kind of cell is this?
– A. An animal cell in metaphase
– B. An animal cell in telophase
– C. An animal cell undergoing cytokinesis
– D. A plant cell in metaphase
– E. A plant cell undergoing cytokinesis
 Review
• Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were
taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus.
The DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per
nucleus. In which stage of the cell cycle was the nucleus
with 6 picograms of DNA?
– A. G0
– B. G1
– C. S
– D. G2
– E. M
 Homework
• Please read and take notes over Sections
8.8-8.10 (The cell cycle and cancer)
tonight. Write notes and summaries on
the back of this handout.