Packaging Processes

and Equipment
 Prepared By:

Group 6

Abella, Romeo III

Aben, Aleena
Abuan, Jeomart
Almirañez, Mary Grace
Anggong, Shayne Aira
Añonuevo, Aljhon
THE EVOLUTION OF
PACKAGING
Introduction

 The functions of modern day packaging go beyond

containing, protecting and preserving products.
 It also includes functions to communicate, promote and
transact products.
 It took over 150 years for product packaging to evolve.
 Growing competition and continuous technological
innovations have shaped the evolution of packaging since
1860s.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF
PACKAGING INNOVATIONS
 Primitive man used vessels and containers made of natural
materials in form of tree leaves, bamboo, lotus leaves, palm
leaves, gourds, coconut shells, shells and animal skin.
 Later on, as minerals, ores and chemicals were discovered,
metals and pottery were developed leading to use of new
materials including fabrics, ceramics, metals, lacquer ware,
wood ware, jade ware, and certain types of paper.
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
 The period during and after WWI saw a remarkable
number of packaging innovations like molded glass,
cardboard boxes, metal cans, and cellophane that
made packaging commonplace.
GLASS
GLASS

 In 1200 B.C. glass was pressed into molds to make

cups and bowls. The techniques to blow glass
continued to evolve and split molding was developed
in 17th century allowing for irregular shapes. Since
19th century, glass is primarily used to package
medicines, spirits, liquids, and other high value
goods.
METALS
METALS

 In 1200 A.D. the process of tin plating was invented

in Bohemia. Tin was the first metal that
economically allowed use of metals in packaging,
soon it was used to make tin cans and tin foils.
 In early 1800s Nicholas Appert, found that food
sealed in tin containers and sterilized by boiling
could be preserved for long periods. Over a period
of time, this established metal packaging as a food
grade packaging material.
METALS

 In 1830s, tin boxes were used for selling cookies,

chocolates, and tobacco products. Soon after, first
soft metal tubes were produced in 1841 to be used
for artist paints and they gained instant popularity.
PAPER
PAPER

 In 1690, first paper mill in the U.S. was built near

Philadelphia. At that time paper was hand-made out
of parchment and rags, both of which were
expensive and limited in supply.
 In 1796, Lithography was invented Alois Senfelder
in Munich. This enabled printing of black-and-white
illustrations on printed labels. One-color
lithographed or letterpress labels were widely used
on glass bottles, metal boxes and early paperboard
boxes. 
PAPER

 Color printing or chromolithography was invented in

1837 and became popular soon after manufacturers
realized its potential.
 First paper making cylinder machine was installed in
1817 by Thomas Gilpin in Delaware used to make
paperboards and other forms of paper used in
packaging. This gave birth to ‘flexible packaging’. 
 The invention of paper bag making machine in by
Francis Wolle in 1852 further pushed use of paper
in packaging.
1860s, 1870s, 1880s: The Era of Dual Use Packaging
Tobacco pack reused as picnic lunch
box — Dixie Queen
Tobacco pack reused as picnic lunch
box — Dixie Queen

 Popular examples of dual use packaging include

premium tobacco products like Dixie Queen’s
Tobacco Tin which measured 7.5x5x4 inches in
dimension, had two handles and a nice lithographed
design pattern so as to resemble a picnic basket.
 These tin boxes were very popular until 1900s when
they were replaced with more playful roly-poly
canisters which could be used as toys after tobacco
consumption.
Flour sacks repurposed as dress
materials — Bemis Bro
Flour sacks repurposed as dress
materials — Bemis Bro

 Bemis Bro Bag Co. from Minneapolis were the

largest sack manufacturers. They sold patterned
feed sacks and flour bags. These bags were printed
with decorative patterns could be used to sew
dresses, aprons, pajamas, children’s clothes, and
other household necessities like draperies,
tablecloths, quilts, towels, sheets and pillowcases.
Bemis continued to market dress print bags through
the 1960s.
1890s, 1900s, 1910s: Building
Brand Identity
Branded Packaging — 
Uneeda Biscuit
Packaging Shape as an
Identity — Coca-Cola
Packaging Shape as an
Identity—Coca-Cola
   
 Glass manufacturers were approached to come up
with a unique bottle design for Coca‑Cola. The Root
Glass Company of Terre Haute, Indiana, designed
with the famous contour shape, which won
enthusiastic approval from Coca‑Cola in 1915 and
was introduced in 1916. The new bottle design
instantly became an integral part of the brand
identity and is today one of the most recognized
icons in the world — even in the dark.
1920s, 1930s, 1940s: The Era of “Silent Salesman”
Shifting Shopping Behavior 
—Piggly Wiggly
 
Shifting Shopping Behavior — 
Piggly Wiggly

 Clarence Saunders’ Piggly Wiggly stores are widely

credited with introducing self-service shopping
chain in U.S. in early 1920s. Consumers were given
shopping baskets and asked to pick what they
needed. This was a little bewildering, but the 4.5%-
14% price advantage made it an immediate success.
The rise of automobiles fueled its growth further
as housewives could now travel miles to get the
deals.
Increasing Visual Appeal — 
Flexography
Increasing Visual Appeal — 
Flexography
 Most packaging till this period leaned on distinct
typographic treatments to create a visual identity.
Due to limitations of letterpress printing, product
packaging could only be embraced with illustrative
painted imagery to define the contents, it was not
truly an interpretation or an honest impression of
the product contents.
1950s, 1960s, 1970s: Convenience
As The Motivation
Convenient Lifestyles — Swanson TV Dinners
Convenient Lifestyles — Swanson
TV Dinners

 Soon after invention of aluminium foil in 1954,

Swanson introduced TV Dinners that offered busy
consumers, the conveniences of pre-processed
foods requiring minimal preparation. The original
dinner tray was made out of aluminium, carved into
three compartments to neatly house frozen foods.
The frozen dinner could be heated in an oven and
easily consumed.
Medicines in blister packs 
—Enovid
 
Medicines in blister packs 
—Enovid
 
 In 1957, when Enovid was introduced to treat
menstrual disorders and infertility, the idea of
medicine pills was born. In 1960, the same pills were
rebranded and repackaged in blister packs as oral
contraceptive pills. The unique blister pack was
conceived initially as an aid to patient compliance.
The popularity of “the Pill” created a new market
for pharmaceutical companies.
Explosion of the Toxins—
   
Plastics
Explosion of the Toxins—
   
Plastics
 DuPont and Dow Chemicals heralded the rapid
rise of plastics as they were used for textiles,
tires, toys, paints, electronics, and as packaging
material, affecting all aspects of life. Alan
Pendry captured the versatility of plastics in his
award winning short film The Shape of Plastics,
in 1962.
1980s, 1990s, 2000s:
The Rise of Digital
Rise of Barcodes
Rise of Barcodes

 Barcodes have existed since 1950s, but the first

commercial U.P.C. scanner was installed in 1974 at a
Marsh’s supermarket in Troy, Ohio and the first
product to have a bar code included on packaging
was a packet of Wrigley’s Gum. Since then,
barcodes have become the default checkout
processing technology and have revolutionized the
retail industry.
The World of Digital
Publishing
The World of Digital
Publishing
 In early 1980s, Adobe, Aldus, Apple, and Hewlett-
Packard each produced key technologies that
allowed professional desktop publishing to overtake
package printing. Owing to the benefits of identical
and easy duplication, digital printing presses
started to take over traditional printing methods
by late 1980s.
The Smartphone Revolution
The Smartphone Revolution

 With the introduction of iPhone in 2007, the

smartphones rapidly grew to become a major force
and became part of consumer’s shopping behavior.
Now a days, consumers use their devices to get
product information, compare options and deals, and
also to place orders and track post purchase
behaviors. 
Packaging As a System — 
Target RX Bottles
Packaging As a System — 
Target RX Bottles
 Target’s clear RX bottles were the first to use
graphic communications on packaging as a system to
benefit consumers. The bottles had different color
rings to help identify different members of the
family and both sides of bottle label had clear
prescription details printed on them.
Types of Packaging

 PRIMARY PACKAGING

 SECONDARY PACKAGING

 TERTIARY PACKAGING
Primary Packaging

 Primary packaging is the packaging in direct

contact with the product itself and is sometimes
referred to as consumer or retail packaging. The
main purpose of primary packaging is to protect
and/or preserve, contain and inform the
consumer.
 There are various examples of primary
packaging and there can sometimes be several
components for one product. For example for
beer, the bottle containing the liquid and the
label are both classed as primary packaging.
Corrugated primary packaging is often used for
gift and luxury products such as in the tech and
cosmetic industry.
Secondary Packaging

 Secondary packaging’s main purpose is for

branding display and logistical purposes. As
well as protecting and collating individual
units during storage and are often used by the
beverage, food and cosmetic sectors for
displaying primary packs on shelves and are
sometimes also referred to as grouped or
display packaging. Secondary packaging also
includes packaging purposely made to display
multiple product units for sale which speeds
restocking from storeroom to shelf, this
packaging includes retail-ready packaging
(RRP), shelf-ready packaging (SRP) or
counter-top display units (CDUs).
Tertiary Packaging
 Tertiary packaging facilitates the
protection, handling and transportation
of a series of sales units or secondary
packaging in order to group everything
into unit loads during transit. This type
of packaging is rarely seen by the
consumer.
Purposes of Packaging and Package labels

 Physical protection – The objects enclosed in the package may require

protection from, among other things,
mechanical shock, vibration, electrostatic discharge,
compression, temperature, etc.

 Barrier protection – A barrier to oxygen, water vapour, dust, etc., is often

required. Permeation is a critical factor in design. Some packages
contain desiccants or oxygen absorbers to help extend shelf
life. Modified atmospheres or controlled atmospheres are also
maintained in some food packages. Keeping the contents clean,
fresh, sterile and safe for the duration of the intended shelf life is a
primary function. A barrier is also implemented in cases where
segregation of two materials prior to end use is required, as in the case of
special paints, glues, medical fluids, etc. At the consumer end, the
packaging barrier is broken or measured amounts of material are
removed for mixing and subsequent end use.
 Containment or agglomeration – Small objects are typically grouped
together in one package for reasons of storage and selling efficiency. For example, a single
box of 1000 pencils requires less physical handling than 1000 single
pencils. Liquids, powders, and granular materials need containment.

 Information transmission – Packages and labels communicate how to use,

transport, recycle, or dispose of the package or product. With pharmaceuticals, food, medical,
and chemical products, some types of information are required by government legislation.
Some packages and labels also are used for track and trace purposes. Most items include
their serial and lot numbers on the packaging, and in the case of food products, medicine, and
some chemicals the packaging often contains an expiry/best-before date, usually in a
shorthand form. Packages may indicate their construction material with a symbol.

 Marketing – Packaging and labels can be used by marketers to encourage potential

buyers to purchase a product. Package graphic design and physical design have been
important and constantly evolving phenomena for several decades. Marketing
communications and graphic design are applied to the surface of the package and often to
the point of sale display. Most packaging is designed to reflect the brand's message and
identity.
 Security – Packaging can play an important role in reducing
the security risks of shipment. Packages can be made with
improved tamper resistance to deter manipulation and they can also
have tamper-evident features indicating that tampering has taken place.
Packages can be engineered to help reduce the risks of package
pilferage or the theft and resale of products: Some package constructions
are more resistant to pilferage than other types, and some have pilfer-
indicating seals. Counterfeit consumer goods, unauthorized sales
(diversion), material substitution and tampering can all be minimized or
prevented with such anti-counterfeiting technologies. Packages may
include authentication seals and use security printing to help indicate that
the package and contents are not counterfeit. Packages also can include
anti-theft devices such as dye-packs, RFID tags, or electronic article
surveillance tags that can be activated or detected by devices at exit
points and require specialized tools to deactivate. Using packaging in
this way is a means of retail loss prevention.
 Convenience – Packages can have features that
add convenience in distribution, handling, stacking, display, sale, opening,
reclosing, using, dispensing, reusing, recycling, and ease of disposal

 Portion control – Single serving or single dosage packaging

has a precise amount of contents to control usage. Bulk commodities
(such as salt) can be divided into packages that are a more suitable size for
individual households. It also aids the control of inventory: selling sealed
one-liter bottles of milk, rather than having people bring their own bottles
to fill themselves
Packaging
Symbols
This cracked wine glass label lets you know the item(s)
inside is “fragile.” or can be easily broken You’ll notice
this symbol on cartons containing items such as china
and glassware.
When you see two hands cupping a cube, you know
that you should “handle with care.” Contents are more
than likely fragile, made up of intricate parts or
otherwise easily damaged.
If you see the picture of fire, you must know the
material inside is “flammable.” Keep the shipment
away from open flame, sparks, smoking and hot
surfaces.
The image of two upward arrows above a box
indicates, “This way up.” For the duration of
shipping/delivery, the carton should face upright.
A symbol depicting a hook marked over with an X
says, “Use no hooks.” Absolutely no hand hooks
should be attached to pull the parcel.
If you see the universal no-sign covering a tower of
boxes, then “do not stack.” The image might even
display a couple of boxes toppling to the floor,
showcasing the outcome if you pile cartons.
When you’re moving boxes with this label, note that
they’re “heavy,” so “do not lift.” You’ll need a trolley.
Pay attention to numbers on the stacked boxes icon. If
you see “3”, the “stack limitation” is 3 units. Some
stacks will have top boxes marked with an 8 and X, for
example. You then know the “max carton” stack is 7.
When you encounter the box under a sun
and roof, this means “protect from heat.”
It’s similar to the next symbol but less
specific.
The thermometer image is more particular, in that it
will provide “temperature limitations.” It’s important to
store containers between the noted degree range.
umbrella reminds you to “keep dry.” The package
should never get wet or be stored in damp areas.
This iconic scope image represents the “centre of
gravity.” The label instructs handlers with regard to the
weight distribution of parcels.
This one seems obvious, but be sure to watch for
warnings about a “two-person lift.” Sometimes, you
don’t need a trolley; you simply need another able
body.
Don’t ignore this symbol. “Only use trolley” when you
see it. Some items require not only major support but a
smooth transition.
PACKAGING
PROCESSES
Labeling
 Labelling Machines apply labels and decoration onto all
types of packaging containers, display, point-of-sale and
transit packs.

 Labels are used on every kind of product to brand,

decorate or provide information for the consumer. Many
labels do all three functions and can contain, for
example, pre-printed bar codes supplying, batch, stock
and price information to the retailer and consumer.

 Other machines provide print on demand and

weigh/price labels, usually for fresh or perishable
products where the weight of item varies from pack to
pack or for transit purposes. Many of these labels are
printed and applied in the store or warehouse.
 Labels are also used to provide protection against
tampering (tamper evident) to ensure the product
reaches the consumer without interference and
unopened. Sleevers or sleeving equipment that apply
a sleeve of thermoformable or stretch material to the
neck or body of the container, are generally used to
apply tamper evident labels. Shrink sleeve labels are
also used on products which do not have surfaces
suitable for a conventional label.
Other types of labelling include in-mould
labelling a technique that applies labels to
blown bottles, injection moulded containers,
and thermoform fill seal machines for yoghurt
pots as they are formed on equipment.
Wrapping
 Wrapping Machines wrap a flexible packaging material, (e.g.
paper, aluminium, plastic film), around a product or group of
products. Other common descriptions of this style of
packaging are Flow-wrapping, Overwrapping and Horizontal
Form Fill Seal

 Because wrapping is so versatile it is used in many sectors,

however, it is most common in food, bakery and
confectionery for single items which can range from
confectionery (count line), bars and cakes through to cheese
and sausages.
 There are so many applications of this packaging
technique for single items it would be difficult to exclude
any particularly for some products in daily use items, DIY
or toiletries and cosmetics. Some techniques are used in
very particular product areas e.g. skin packaging for DIY
products and high quality fold wrapping for cosmetics,
CDs or cigarettes.

 Many single item wrappers can handle products at very

high speeds, particularly in the confectionery sector.

 When wrapping is used for larger items or units or for

grouping single products in multipacks for point of sale, or
in larger numbers for transportation, then speeds tend to
be slower. However some applications in the beverage
sector can achieve reasonable speeds to match demand
from the speed of other machines in the line.
Palletising & Depalletising
 Pallet Forming, Dismantling and Securing machines
are packaging machines that assemble or dismantle
pallet loads of products, groups of packages or rigid
containers on a pallet, with little or no manual
intervention, and secure the load on the pallet for
security and stability during transportation.

 Modern warehousing and distribution methods mean

just about every sector uses pallets for storage and
transport of their products. It is now common to see
bricks and sacks of sand and cement being
transported to their point of use on a pallet secured
by a plastic film stretched or shrunk around the load.
CLEANING
The cleaning of the process machines will be mainly carried out by CIP
(Clean In Place) systems. Depending on the sensitivity of the product being
produced, the equipment may be cleaned aseptically and therefore eliminating any
possible contamination from outside.
 The Static Autoclave is fitted with a powerful pump,
for shorter and more homogeneous cycles. All
the products inside the autoclave get the same
thermal treatment, regardless of their position. The
reduced cycle time also ensures better results.
 This autoclave is adapted to all types of packaging:  
 large pouches
 plastic trays 
 small pouches
 plastic or glass containers/jars 
 cans, etc.
https
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
bWD87VVtzKU
INSPECTION

Inspection Machines are a series of machines including

manual, mechanical and computerised electronic
systems which inspect products, packages or packaging
components to ensure they conform to specification. For
example colour, size, mass, the presence of foreign
bodies in a product or package, pack integrity, missing
labels or items, or incorrect data; any items which fall
outside the pre-set values are rejected.
Color sorters
A machine which detects contaminants in products (e.g.
pulses, rice, peas, diced carrots) by inspecting their colour.
Products which fall outside the pre-set colour values are
rejected.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvbWS-
GI464
Checkweighers

 Measuring instrument which determines

the mass of a package or product,
usually as it travels along a conveyor
that incorporates a weighing device.
The mass of each item is recorded and
any that fall outside pre-set values are
rejected.
 Weight Classifying Machine
Checkweigher that divides products into groups
according to their mass.

 Weigh Price Labelling Machine

A machine which incorporates a weighing
device and a print and apply labeller, which
measures the mass of a packaged product (such as
meat, cheese, fruit or vegetables), calculates
the price of the product and then prints both the
weight and price onto a label which is attached to
the product.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=QDvp5NT7T9o
DETECTION EQUIPMENT
a. Foreign Body Detector

An inspection machine which detects foreign bodies (e.g. metal,

glass, bone, wood, fibres) in a product or package and rejects the
product or pack from the line.
Metal Detector
An inspection machine which detects metal contamination (e.g. pins, shards
of metal from machinery, nuts and bolts) in a product or package and rejects
those products or packages from the line. All machines will detect ferrous
metal contamination, but some can also detect non-ferrous metal as well.
X-Ray Detector
A machine which of X-rays to inspect a product for the presence of foreign
bodies like bone or metal or that all of the products in a sealed package
are present and undamaged and rejects out of specification products from
the line.
Fill Height Inspection
A machine which inspects the level of fill of liquid, usually in rigid
containers and detects any which fall outside a pre-determined
level and rejects them from the line.
Vision system
A system which comprises a video camera linked to a computer which can
be programmed to identify deviations from set parameters in either a product
or a package. Applications include inspecting glass, inspecting labels,
checking for contamination on rigid containers before they are sealed and
inspecting for missing components.
BOX HANDLING
Box handling is mechanical equipment used for the movement, storage,
control and protection of materials, goods and products throughout the
process of manufacturing, distribution, consumption and disposal.
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=FUwNcslx9V8
Cartoning machine

 A cartooning machine, sometimes called a cartoner for

short, is a type of packaging machine. Its sole purpose is
to form cartons. Have you ever seen a milk carton? If you
look at the average milk carton in the grocery store, a
cartooning machine probably made it. A cartooning
machine forms cartons that stand up straight, close, are
folded, side-seamed, and then, ultimately, sealed.
 The product enters the machine and is collated into a pack pattern.
 The machine selects a flat case, which it opens and positions for product
insertion.
 The carton flaps are folded and tucked, or the product moves to a sealing
station where the carton is sealed using hot-melt glue.

Proper cartoner selection depends on a number of variables, including:

-the size of the product to be cartoned
-the number of items to be packaged
-the size of the carton itself
-the required cartoning speed
-the amount of available installation space
requirements for product and carton size changeover
integration of cartoner with other packaging machines
Two types of Cartoning Machine
 Vertical Cartoning Machine
 Horizontal Cartoning Machine

Vertical cartoning machines

the carton is fed through the machine in a vertical
position and the product is inserted manually or
automatically, most often from the top of the machine.
Vertical cartoning machines are suitable for packaging
“bare” products that can or must be supplied by gravity, and
which are sold by weight or volume. Examples include rice,
dry pasta, etc.
Vertical Cartoner
Horizontal Cartoning Machines:

On horizontal cartoning machines, the product is

inserted from the side of the carton. These cartoners
can operate in continuous or intermittent mode, with
the option of automatic lateral loading of the product
into the carton, and closure of the ends by hot-melt
application or flap insertion. Horizontal cartoning
machines are commonly used in the packaging of
food products such as pizzas and cakes, vacuum-
packed rice or coffee, cereals, etc.
Horizontal cartoner
Form Fill And seal Machine (FFS)

Form-fill-seal machines are machines that form the

package, fill it with a wet or dry product and seal it closed.
Most FFS systems use flexible film to form the primary
package, such as a bag or pouch

TWO TYPES OF FFS

-Vertical FFS
-Horizontal FFS
Vertical FFS
-A vertical form fill seal machine, also known as a VFFS, is a common
machine used to package goods into bags as part of a production line. Just as
the name suggests, this machine starts by helping to form the bag from roll
stock. Then, the bag is filled with product and sealed in preparation for
shipment. It can be used with either liquids or dry goods with all types of
products and packaging.
 Step 1: Forming
The initial step is forming the bag. Depending on the package type, it is
taken from a stack or a roll. A single web vertical form fill seal machine work
with flexible materials and is typically fed to a cone-shaped tube called a
forming tube.
 Step 2: Filling
The next step in the process is filling, which is accomplished by
interfacing a filling machine (typically a multihead weigher or an auger filler).
The machine is programmed for filling, so this step is completely automated.
The pre-measured product is dispensed from the machine into the bag. Then,
the film is sealed.
 Sealing
Finally, the vertical form fill seal machine seals the
package so it can be shipped to stores where it is purchased by
consumers. This process typically comes immediately after
the filling process. The reason for this is to limit the risk of
contamination, which is especially important when packaging
food products.
Horizontal FFS

Horizontal Form Fill Seal (HFFS) machines

(also known as horizontal, thermoform, fill, seal
machines) are designed to package luncheon meats,
hot dogs, rising crust pizza and other food products.
Users can configure these versatile machines to
make a variety of packages per cycle, and produce
food pouches of various sizes and depths by
changing the sealing and cutting dies.
 Plastic films for use with HFFS equipment include a
base, or forming, film that is drawn through the machine
in which a heated metal die thermoforms a pocket.

 The food product is then manually or automatically

inserted into the pocket. Next, the package is sealed
around the edges by applying a top, or non-forming, film
onto the base web.

 Then a knife or die-cutting device separates the pouches.

 This process lends itself equally well to vacuumed hard
pack products, such as hot dogs, and MAP gas flushed
pillow packs for shaved meat and other applications.
HORIZONTAL FFS
 Food Processing
Machinery
CAN BE DEFINED AS "THE SET OF METHODS AND
TECHNIQUES USED TO TRANSFORM RAW INGREDIENTS INTO
FOOD FOR CONSUMPTION BY HUMANS OR ANIMALS".
Common food processing techniques include:

 Removal of unwanted outer layers, such as potato peeling or the

skinning of peaches
 Brine mixing & storage equipment
 Chopping or slicing e.g. diced carrots.
 Mincing and macerating
 Liquefaction, such as to produce fruit juice
 Fermentation e.g. in beer breweries
 Emulsification

 Cooking, such as boiling, broiling, frying, steaming or grilling

 Deep frying
 Baking


Potato Peeling

In an industrial setting, potatoes may be peeled using steam

jets to loosen the surface skin, followed by a dry abrasion
peeler, and brushes and water sprays. The process may also
involve treatment with lye to soften the outer skin. One type
of mechanical peeler, tumbles the potatoes on rollers with
rubber studs, which removes the outer skin.
Dough Mixer
 Dough mixers are used in bakeries to stir dough ingredients together. Mixing
arms stir ingredients in a bowl or trough to produce dough of even consistency.

Continuous mixing on the other hand offers the following advantages and more:
 produce large quantities of uniform dough
 more precise delivery of raw materials to the mixer
 prevent undesirable variations in dough from batch to batch
 promotes even dough hydration
 consistent finished weight, size and texture
 produces a continuous stream of dough that can be sliced automatically into loaves
by the mixer without additional equipment
 eliminates chance of dough contamination
 automation reduces labor costs
 LDX Continuous Mixer
For cookies and other products that require ingredients to be blended
before adding most of the flour. In the first mixing stage, all minor ingredients
can be combined with some of the flour and the fat can be cut in. In the final
stage, the remaining flour is added to create the final dough. This mixer offers
dough production rates from 1,500 to 7,500 kg/hour.

 EX Continuous Mixer
Low-absorption, stiff doughs, such as cracker, bagel, pretzel, pizza and
pet treats doughs. This mixer uniformly mixes products with different dough
moisture levels and offers dough production rates from 100 to 10,000 kg/hour.

 HDX or High Development Continuous Mixer

produce buns, breads, rolls or tortillas, All ingredients are first mixed into
a uniform mass with a twin screw mixer. The dough is then kneaded in a
separate section to the proper development level with a single screw mixer.
This mixer offers dough production rates from 1,500 to 10,000 kg/hour.
Filling and Dosing Machines

 Volumetric Cup Filling Machine:

A filling machine which measures out a product,
usually free-flowing solids or powder, in a cup of
predetermined volume.
Volumetric Piston Filling
Machine
 A filling machine which measures out a product, usually a
liquid, paste or gas, using a reciprocating piston of
predetermined volume.