MATHEMATICS in the MODERN W RLD

Matematika sa Makabagong Daigdig

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU

 TODAY’S FOCUS:
UNIT 2
UNDERSTANDING
the Nature of
UNIT I:
MATHEMATICS
Mathematics in
Our World
GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU
“The laws of nature are
written in the language of
mathematics.”

- Galileo Galilei

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU

Say a
TRUE
STATEMENT
about this picture.

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU

Importance of Language
• To understand the expressed ideas
• To communicate ideas to others

Characteristics of the Mathematics Language

 Precise (able to make very fine distinctions or definitions)
 Concise (able to say things briefly)
 Powerful (able to express complex thoughts with relative ease)

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU

English Language to Mathematics Language
• Noun to mathematical expressions
Example: x + 5; sin x; log x
• Sentence to mathematical sentence
Example: 2x + y = 6

The Grammar of Mathematics

 Structural rules governing the use of symbols
representing mathematical objects

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU

Difficulties
• The word “is” could mean equality, inequality, or membership
in a set
• Different use of a number (cardinal, ordinal, nominal, ratio)
• Mathematical objects may be represented in many ways such
as sets and functions.
• The words “and” and “or” mean differently in mathematics
from its English use.

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU

Describe the error in each of the following.

• 1⊂N
• (1, 2) ∈ 𝑓 where 𝑓 is a function
• 𝑥 > 2 or 𝑥 < 1 is equivalent to 2 < 𝑥 < 1
• Given the function 𝑥 + 10, find the value of 𝑓 4
• ‫ 𝑥 𝑒(׬‬+ 𝑥)

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU

Translate each sentence using mathematical symbols

1. 0 is an integer.
2. 𝑥 is multiple of 5.
3. 𝑥 belongs to both sets A and B.
4. The values of x range from -2 to 5.
5. The square of the sum of x and y is not more than 20.
6. The square of a number is nonnegative.
7. The sum of two consecutive numbers is 31.

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU

Logic

• Allows us to determine the validity of arguments

in and out of mathematics
• Illustrates the importance of precision and
conciseness of the language of mathematics

Mathematics in the Modern World Seminar-Workshop | May 11-13, 2018 | CMU

Statement or Proposition
• Must express a complete thought.
• A declarative sentence or statement that is either true or
false but not both.

Determine whether the ff. is a proposition or not:

• All multiples of 5 are odd numbers.
• 𝑥 is a real number.
• Sketch the graph of 𝑓.
• The square of twice the value of 𝑥.

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU

Conjunction P and Q True if and only if P and
Q are both true
Disjunction P or Q True if and only if P is true
or Q is true or both are
true
Implication P implies Q True under all
If P then Q circumstances except
Q if P when P is true and Q is
P only if Q false.
Bi-conditional P if and only if Q True if and only if P and Q
are both true or both false

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU

Implication, Converse, Inverse and Contrapositive
𝑷: I am in Bukidnon.
𝑸: I am in Mindanao.
Implication: If I am in Bukidnon, then I am in Mindanao.
Converse: If I am in Mindanao, then I am in Bukidnon.
Inverse: If I am not in Bukidnon, then I am not in
Mindanao.
Contrapositive: If Iam not in Mindanao, then I am not in
Bukidnon.

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU

Quantification
• Universal Quantification
 “For all” or “For every”
 Symbol: ∀
 Example: "for every object x in the universe, x > 1", which
is expressed as " ∀x, x > 1"
• Existential Quantification
 “There exists” or “For some”
 Symbol: ∃
 Example: “there exists an object x in the universe, x > 1",
which is expressed as "∃x, x > 1"

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU

QUANTIFIERS

All P are C. Some P are C.

No P is a C. Some P are not C.

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU
Performance TASK:

Pick out statements from books,

magazines, conversations, TV or
radio dialogues. Classify them
according to their type
(proposition or sentence,
compound or simple, etc.) and if
possible, negate each.

GEC 14 - Mathematics in the Modern World | Awe Files 2018 | CMU