REVIEW PAST TENSES "SIMPLE PAST"

El tiempo verbal past simple (yo canté) sirve para expresar acciones de duración variada que empezaron y terminaron en algún punto del pasado.

STRUCTURE EXAMPLES

John bought a present for his

AFFIRMATIVE Sujeto + verbo (pasado) + (complemento) sister.John compró un regalo para su
hermana.

They didn't get

NEGATIVE Sujeto + didn't + verbo (infinitivo) + (complemento)
married.No se casaron.

Did you call Marta? Yes, I did.(tú)

INTERROGATIVE Did + sujeto + verbo (infinitivo) + (complemento)
¿Llamaste a Marta? Sí.
El tiempo verbal past continuous (yo estaba cantando / yo cantaba) se utiliza para referirnos a acciones inacabadas que se estaban desarrollando en un momento concreto del pasado .
STRUCTURE EXAMPLES
When I saw them they were sitting at a café.Cuando les
AFFIRMATIVE Sujeto + was / were + verbo (-ing) + (complemento)
vi estaban sentados en una cafetería.

What I did you say? I wasn't listening.(tú) ¿Qué has dicho? No

NEGATIVE Sujeto + was / were + not + verbo (-ing) + (complemento)
estaba escuchando.

INTERROGATIVE Was / Were + sujeto + verbo (-ing) + (complemento)? What were you talking about?(tú) ¿De qué estabas hablando?

PRESENT PERFECT STRUCTURE EXAMPLES

I have ridden a horse many times.He montado a
AFFIRMATIVE Sujeto + have / has + verbo (past participle) + (compl.)
caballo muchas veces.

We haven finished our homework.No hemos

NEGATIVE Sujeto + have / has + verbo (past participle) + (compl.)
terminado nuestros deberes.

Have you seen Joe? No, I haven't.(tú) ¿Has visto a

INTERROGATIVE Have / Has + sujeto + verbo (past participle) + (compl.)?
Joe? No.
  Future FORMS
• There are several different ways in English that you can talk about the future. This page is an introduction to the most important ones:

• Predictions/statements of fact
The auxiliary verb will is used in making predictions or simple statements of fact about the future.
The sun will rise at 6.30 tomorrow.
Lunch break today will be 10 minutes longer than usual.
• Intentions
The auxiliary verb going to is used in talking about intentions. (An intention is a plan for the future that you have already thought about.)
We're going to buy a new car next month.
I'm going to work in a bank when I leave school.
• Arrangements
The present continuous tense is used in talking about arrangements. (An arrangement is is a plan for the future that you have already thought
about and discussed with someone else.)
I'm meeting my mother at the airport tomorrow.
Our grandparents are visiting us this Christmas.
• Scheduled events
The present simple tense is usually used to refer to future events that are scheduled (and outside of our control).
Hurry up! The train departs in 10 minutes.
at midnight the next day.
She has an appointment with the headmaster after school today.
 Gerunds
• The Gerund is a verbal noun. • Active Examples:

• It is made from the ‘ing’ form of the verb. • Seeing is believing.

• The perfect forms use havING plus the past participle. • Having read the book is enough; I don’t need to see the
movie.

Infinitives
• The infinitive is a verbal which can function as a noun, an adjective or an adverb.
• The infinitive starts with the word ‘to’.
• Usage frequently defines whether to use a gerund or an infinitive. Use the chart on Page 180 as a guide.

Examples of infinitives

• Active forms • Passive forms

• To err is human. • To be forgiven may be divine.

• He is thought to have left the country. • Her voice is said to have been praised in all the capitals of
Europe.
• What are the functions of each of these infinitives?