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Review of Salient
Investigational Drugs for the
Treatment of Fragile X
Syndrome
Artículo de revisión
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology
Volumen XX, Número XX, 2017
DOI: 10.1089/cap.2016.0200
Objetivo del estudio
Revisión de los medicamentos en investigación para el tratamiento de
FXS (The Fragile X Syndrome)
Conocer las propuestas farmacológicas para el tratamiento de FXS
Que explique brevemente las vías moduladoras de la FMRP (Fragile X Mental Retardation
Protein)
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Datos a considerar
Revisión de los medicamentos en investigación para
el tratamiento de FXS
*Se debe realizar una indagación para conocer a fondo los estudios clínicos de estas drogas.
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Repaso de FXS
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Síndrome de X frágil
Epidemiología
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Síndrome de X frágil
Fisiopatología
Expansión anómala del trinucleótido compuesto por citosina-guanina-
guanina (CGG) en el gen FMR1 (Fragile X Mental Retardation 1) en el lugar 5’
UTR (Five Prime untranslated region) (Tabla 1)
También puede haber evidencia de debilidad del tejido conectivo, con articulaciones
hiperextensibles, estrías en la piel (estrías) y prolapso de la válvula mitral.
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Figura 3. Represión de la
traducción por FMRP1
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
I. Se piensa que FMRP se usa para
formar un dímero en el citoplasma.
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
En síntesis
⎔ La presencia de FMRP1 reprime a mGluR5 (Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor), por lo tanto, la
ausencia de FMRP1 aumenta la actividad de la señal de mGluR5, lo cual, explicaría parcialmente el
fenotipo de FXS. (Fatemi, et al. 2013)
⎔ Evidencia reciente según la ausencia del complejo FMRP-mRNA está relacionada con una expresión
menor de GABAA lo cual explicaría parcialmente el estado hiperactivo y/o agresivo de los afectados
por FXS. (Fatemi, et al. 2013)
⎔ Lo anterior forma la base terapéutica para el estudio de drogas conocidas y nuevas para mejorar el
tratamiento de FXS
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
1. Fenobam 10. CX516
(NPL2009)
11. Sertralina
2. Mavoglurant
(AFQ056) 12. Ácido ascórbico
Drogas en fase
+ alfa-tocoferol
3. Basimaglurant
(R04917523) 13. Donezepilo
de estudio en 5. Arbaclofen
(STX209)
15. Metadoxina
16. Oxitocina
humanos:
6. Riluzola
17. Aripiprazola
7. Memantina
8. Litio
9. Acamprosato
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Antagonistas del grupo I: mGluR5
(Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor)
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Modulador alostérico positivo de GABAA
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Agonista GABAB
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Inhibidores de glutamato y
glutamato+NMDAR
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Inhibidor de la GSK-3 (Glycogen synthase
kinase 3)
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
NMDA actor, agonista GABAA
(Mecanismos poco claros)
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
AMPAcinas (AMPAkines)
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptura de
Serotonina (ISRS)
Sertralina RCT’s de 52 niños (27 con sertralina y Sin datos primarios de mejoramiento.
Greiss Hess 30 con placebo) de 2-6 años con FXS Pero en resultados secundarios hay
et al. (2016) mejoramiento de participación social y
habilidades motoras y visuales-
perceptivas.
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Antioxidantes
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Inhibidor de la Acetil Colinesterasa (AchE)
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Regulador de la proteína hipocampal
traduccional.
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Regulador de la matriz metalopetidasa-9
(MMP-9)
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Hormona
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Flavonoides
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Antipsicóticos atípicos
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Relevancia del estudio
Dado que algunos fármacos ensayados en humanos se encuentran en fases tempranas de estudio,
el conocimiento de estos resultados, podrán, en algún futuro, innovar la terapéutica y el manejo
del FXS. Ya sea en monoterapia o en combinación con otros fármacos.
Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD
Referencias
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Review of Salient Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome - Kaizad Munshi, MD, MPH, Katherine Pawlowski, BA, Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich, MD, and
Hunter, J., Rivero-Arias, O., Angelov, A., Kim, E., Fotheringham, I., & Leal, J.
Jonathan D. Picker, MBChB, PhD