16 TENSES

Present tense Past tense

Simple present tense Simple past tense

Present continious tense Past continious tense

Present perfect tense Past perfect tense
Present perfect continious tense Past perfect continious tense

Future tense Past future

Past future tense

Simple future tense
Future continious tense Past future continious tense

Future perfect tense Past future perfect tense

Future perfect continious tense Past future perfect continious tense

 Basically, simple present tense is one of the tenses that is
often used in the preparation of English sentences. The
reason, this simple present tense in its use can serve to
express facts, habits, and also the incidents that occur at
the present moment.
Verbal Sentence:
(+) S + V I + (S/ES)
(-) S + DO/DOES + NOT + V I
(?) DO/DOES + S + V I

Example
Example:
(+) Father reads a news paper
(- ) Father doesn’t read a news paper
(?) Does father read a news paper?
Yes, he does/ No he doesn’t
Nominal sentence:
(+) S+TOBE + (NOUN, ADJ , ADV)
(-) S+TOBE +NOT+ (NOUN,ADJ, ADV)
(+) TOBE I+S+NOT+ (NOUN,ADJ,ADV)
Example:
1. (+) they are students
(-) they are not students
(?) Are they students?
Yes, they are/No, they are not
In this sense, the present continuous tense is commonly used to
denote an action or event occurring at a time when the
conversation is taking place. In addition, the present continuous
tense can also be used to create a plan in the future.

Positive (+)
subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb – ing + object
Negative (-)
subject + to be + not + verb – ing + object
Interrogative (?)
to be + subject + verb – ing + object

Example:
(+) The baby is sleeping now
(-)The baby is not sleeping now
(?)Is the baby sleeping now?
Keterangan waktu
now, right now, today, soon, at present, this …, tonight,
tomorrow, in a few days, this moment
 Example
(+) we have lived here for 4 years
(-) We haven’t lived here for 4
years
(?) Have we lived here for 4 years?
Yes, we have/No, we haven’t

That said, the present perfect tense is a tense whose function is to show
a result. The reason, this one tense can be used to describe an activity or
situation that has started in the past, and has been completed in the
past as well or still continues until now.In essence, the present perfect
tense serves to show the action that is still ongoing or just finished.

(+) S+HAVE/HAS+V III

(-) S+HAVE/HAS NOT+V III

(?) S+HAVE/HAS+S+V III?

4) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is a tense
used to express an action, activity, or event that
has been done in the past and is still possible to
continue in the present.
(+) Subject + have/ has + been + Verb-in
(-) Subject + have/ has + not + been + Verb-ing
(?) Have/ has + Subject + been + Verb-ing + ?

Example:
(+) I have been studying in this university since
three years ago.
(-) They have not been working in this office since
last month.
(?) Have your uncle been teaching in this school
since last year?
5) SIMPLE PAST TENSE
This Simple Past Tense is in contrast to the Simple
Present Tense, which has a function to describe an
event that has occurred in the past. So, when we want
to make a story of the past, most sentences have to be
composed using this one tense.
Positive (+)
Subject (I-You-She-He-It-We-They)+ Verb II + Object
Negative (-)
Subject (I-You-She-He-It-We-They)+ did not (didn’t) +
Verb I + Object
Introgative (?)
Did + Subject (I-You-She-He-It-We-They)+ Verb I +
Object ?
Example :
(+)She studied English last night
(-)She didin’t study English last night
(?)Did she study English last night?
Yes, she did or no,she didn’t
Keterangan waktu Simple Past Tense
 This …,

 last …,

 … ago,

 yesterday,

 yesterday …,

 once upon a time,

 long time ago,

 the other day,

 just now,

 formerly,

 in 1978 (year),

 the day before yesterday

6) PAST CNTINUOUS TENSE
Enses this one is often used to describe that an
event is happening at a certain time in the past. If
we often read a story, there are usually two events
in the past and one event that is correcting other
events.

Rumus:
(+) Subjek + Tobe (was/were) + V-ing + Objek
(-) Subjek + Tobe (was/were) + not +V-ing +
Objek
(?) Tobe (was/were) + Subjek +V-ing + Objek?
Example:
(+)I was studying English last night
(-)I wasn’t studying last night
(?)was i studying last night?
Yes, i was or no, i wasn’t
7) PAST PERFECT TENSE
Past Perfect Tense is used to indicate an event that occurred
before a certain time in the past. Basically, this past perfect
tense emphasizes facts rather than duration. So in essence, this
past perfect tense on its use is more to suggest that an action
has been completed in the past, before any other action takes
place in the past anyway.
Rumus:
Positive : Subject + had + verb3 / past participle
Negative : Subject + had + not + verb3 / past participle
Sentence question: Had + Subject + Verb3 / past participle
Examples:
(+) She had studied English before she moved to
Jakarta
(-) She had not studied English before she moved to
Jakarta
(?) Had she studied English before she moved to
Jakarta?
8) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Just like past perfect tense, the use of the Past Perfect
Continuous Tense has the intention to reveal an action that has
been done in the past, and has been completed at a certain
point in the past anyway. Only, this tense is more emphasis on
the duration of the incident.

Rumus:
Positive (+) Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object
Negative (-) Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + object
Ask (?) Had + subject + been + object?
Examples:
(+)He had been living in Jakarta about ten years
(-)He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years
(?)Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ?
9) SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Basically, this simple future tense has a function to describe
an action in the future and can not be influenced by other
actions. In addition, this simple future tense can also be used
to make future decisions spontaneously or assumptions
related to the future.
Rumus:
(+)S + will/ shall + verb 1
(-)S + will/ shall + not + Verb1
(?)Will/ shall + Subjek + Verb 1
Example :
(+)She will go to Bandung tomorrow morning
(-)She will not go to Bandung tomorrow
morning
(?)Will she go to Bamdung tomorrow morning?
10) FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
The function of the future continuous tense is to
show an action that takes place at a certain time in the
future, as well as actions that will inevitably happen
in the near future in the future.
Rumus:
(+) S +Will +Be +Verb-ing(continuous form)
(-) S +Will +NOT +Be +Verb-ing
(?) Will +S+Be +Verb-ing
Examples:
(+)I will be watching a movie tonight
(-)I will not be watching a movie tonight
(?)Will you be reading a magazine tomorrow?
11) FUTURE PERFECT TENS
Future perfect tense is a tense used to
declare an action that will be completed at a
certain time or before another action occurs
in the future.
Rumus:
(+)Subjek + will have + Verb 3
(-)Subjek + will not have + Verb 3
(?)Will + Subjek + have + Verb 3 + ?
Example :
(+)Susi will have finished her work at 3.30 p.m.
(-)Susi will not have finished her work at 3.30 p.m.
(?)Will Susi have finished her work at 3.30 p.m. ?
12) FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
In essence, all kinds of perfect continuous tense is almost the
same concept. Well, for this future perfect continuous tense, its
use serves to reveal that an action will have been going on for
so long, at some point in time in the future. In essence, the
future perfect continuous tense is a series of actions that occur
before a certain time in the future.
Rumus:
(+) S + Will + Have + Been + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)
(-) S + Will + not + have +been +verb ing(Continuous Form)
(?) Will + S + Been + Verb-ing(continuous Form)
Example :
(+)My grandmother will have been visiting us
tomorrow morning
(-)My grandmother will not have been visiting us
tomorrow morning
(?)Will your grandmother have been visiting you
tomorrow morning?
13) SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE
In essence, simple past future tense is used for indirect sentences,
where there is a change of form to adjust to the existing series of
events. So, if taken conclusively, this simple past future tense
declares an action to be performed, makes predictions, and makes
promises in the future while in the past.
Rumus:
(+) positive
S + will + bare infinitive
S + be (am/is/are) going to + bare infinitive
(-)Negative
S + will + not + bare infinitive
S + be (am/is/are) + not + going to + bare infinitive
Rumus:
(+) positive
S + will + bare infinitive
S + be (am/is/are) going to + bare infinitive
(-)Negative
S + will + not + bare infinitive
S + be (am/is/are) + not + going to + bare
infinitive
(?)Introgative
Will + S + bare infinitive
Be (am/is/are) + S + going to + bare infinitive?
Examples:
(+) You will win
(-)You won’t win
(?)will you win?

(+) They are going to come

(-) They aren’t going to come
(?) Are they going to come?
14) PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past Future Continuous tense is one form of verbs to describe
the situation or imaginary action is in progress, if the
conditions are not directly met. That is, this continuous tense
continuous tense emphasizes the series or duration of an action
that occurs, and can also be used for indirect sentences.
Rumus:
(+)S + would be + V1-ing/present participle
(-)S + would + not + be + V1-ing/present participle
(?)Would + S + be + V1-ing/present participle
Example:
(+)He would be working
(-)He wouldn’t be working
(?)Would he be working ?
15) PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
In the concept, past future perfect tense can be used to discuss
an action that did not happen in the past. However, there are 3
times that can happen in the past, where it refers to the time to
come, a certain time in the past, but the action that occurred
must have been completed before the time to come. Usually,
the past future perfect tense is used on indirect sentences.
Rumus:
(+)S + would/should/could/may/might/must + have + V-3/past
participle
(-)S + would/should/could/may/might/must + not + have + V-
3/past participle
(?)would/should/could/may/might/must + S + have + V-3/past
participle
Example :
(+)She would have worked
(-)She wouldn’t have worked
(?)Would she have worked
16) PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is one type of
tense is quite difficult. Indeed, but that does not mean
it can not be learned. In the concept, this perfect future
continuous tense is one of the verb forms to express an
action or imaginary situation in progress, at some point
or during a certain period in the past.
Rumus:
(+)S + would/should + have + been + V1-ing/present
participle
(-)S + would/should + not + have + been + V1-
ing/present participle
(?)Would/should + S + have + been + V1-ing/present
participle
Example :
(+)I/you/she/he/it would have been driving
(-)I/you/she/he/it would not have been driving
(?)Would I/you/she/he/it have been driving