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Basics of VoIP/NGN
9/20/18
Exchange Exchange
Analog Telephony
Switch Switch
Digital Telephony
Router Router
Circuit switching
– Resources dedicated to a particular call
– Much of the time a data connection is idle
– Data rate is fixed
Both ends must operate at the same rate
Packet switching
– Longer messages split into series of packets
– Each packet contains a portion of user data plus some
control info
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Copyright © 2016 C-DOT. All Rights Reserved
4 Analogy b/w TDM and VoIP
TDM VoIP
IP
CORE
Phon
e
SOFTSWITC
H
GATEWAYS
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8 Challenges in VoIP
Latency
Jitter
Packet loss
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9
NEXT GENERATION
NETWORKS
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10 Evolution of network architecture
Circuit Switching based PSTN
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11 Evolution of network architecture
Circuit Switching based PSTN + Packet Switching IP
Network
SG SG
SS7 SS7
SS SS
Switch MG MG Switch
Packet
Switching
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12 Evolution of network architecture
Packet Switching IP Network
PE PE
Aggregator Aggregator
LAN LAN
Switc Packet SS Switch
h SS Switching
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13 Next Generation Networks (NGN)
A packet-based network able to provide telecommunication
services and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-
enabled transport technologies and in which service-related
functions are independent from underlying transport-related
technologies
A Network usingCopyright
packet mode
© 2016 C-DOT. All Rightstechnology
Reserved to transport all kind
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of information.
14 Low Power
consumption
OPEX Reliability
Centralized
OAM
Advantage of
Migration Low
Investment
per line
Modular,
CAPEX scalable
& upgradable
Migrating Path
for 4G
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15 Protocols
Call control protocol for IP telephony
H.323 protocol family: ITU H.225, H.245
SIP standards (IETF: rfc3261 and rfc2543)
Media Gateway Control Protocols
MEGACO, ITU H.248 from and IETF rfc3525 or 3015,
MGCP from IETF
Signalling Gateway Control Protocols
ISUP and ISDN over SIGTRAN (M3UA IETF rfc3332 and
IUA.)
Call Control Protocol between MGC
SIP-T, SIP-I, BICC(Q1912.5).
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16 Call Flow Diagram
Calling Called
SIP Server Number
number
Request: INVITE
Status: 100 Trying
Request: INVITE
Status: 100 Trying
Status: 180 Ringing
Status: 183 Session progress
Status: 200 OK
Status: 200 OK
Request: ACK
Request: ACK
MEDIA
Request: BYE
Request: BYE
Status: 200 OK
Status: 200 OK
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17 SIP - (Session Initiation Protocol)
A communication protocol for signalling and controlling
multimedia communication sessions.
The most common applications - Internet telephony for
voice and video calls, as well as instant messaging all over
Internet Protocol (IP) networks.
SIP request messages:-
REGISTER: Used by a user agent to register to the
registrar (SIP server).
INVITE: Used to establish a media session between user
agents.
ACK: Confirms reliable message exchanges.
CANCEL: Terminates a pending request.
BYE: Terminates anC-DOT.
Copyright © 2016 existing session.
All Rights Reserved
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18 SIP - (Session Initiation Protocol)
SIP response messages:-
Provisional (1xx): Request received and being
processed.
100 Trying, 180 Ringing, 183 Session in
Progress.
Success (2xx): The action was successfully received,
understood, and accepted.
200 OK.
Client Error (4xx): The request contains bad syntax or
cannot be fulfilled at the server.
401 Unauthorized.
Global Failure (6xx): The request cannot be fulfilled 9/20/18
at
any server.Copyright © 2016 C-DOT. All Rights Reserved
19 RTP (Real-time Transport
Protocol)
Network protocol for delivering audio and video over IP
networks.
It uses the port 2944 for text-encoded operation or port 2945 for
binary-encoded operation either for TCP/UDP.
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21 SIGTRAN
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22 SIP-T/SIP-I/BICC(Q1912.5)
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SIP
23 PHONE RTP MG
MEGACO
TDM
SIP
TDM
C5 SIP C4 SIGTRAN SG SS7 EXCHNAG
E
SIP-T/SIP-I
PSTN/PLMN
IPTAX NETWORK
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DEMONSTRATION
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25
THANK YOU
Feedback :- cdotmaxng@gmail.com
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