SEWAGE & STROM WATER DISPOSAL

WATER SUPPLY

By-:vvvvvv vvv
Anshu Dadwal
(Lecturer)v vvv
 THE BUILDING STACKS
Stacks are generally large diameter CI
pipes that carry wastewater collected
from various locations in the buildings.
There are two types of stacks, the old
two stack system of two separate
stacks, a pipe for wastewaters from
water closets and another for all other
sources, and the fully vented one stack
system in which single pipe carries all
wastes.
They are also known as combined -
and separate - system respectively.
Most rainwater is conveyed directly to
surface water drain in a variant called
partially separate system.
OFFICE BUILDING STACK
SINGLE STACK SYSTEM
 DOUBLE STACK SYSTEM
• Also known as Two Pipe or Separate System
PARTIALLY SEPARATE SYSTEM
PARTIALLY – SEPARATE SYSTEM
ACESSORIES
PARTIALLY SEPARATE SYSTEM
ACESSORIES
PARTIALLY SEPARATE SYSTEM
ACESSORIES
PARTIALLY SEPARATE SYSTEM
ACESSORIES
 THE NEGATIVE PRESSURE

Induced Siphonage. Discharge from one appliance creates a vacuum in

another appliance’s branch pipe.
Back Pressure. Excess pressure due to resistance at the base of a stack.
large radius bends are therefore used.
Self – Siphonage. Suction created as an appliance discharges into the
stack.
Negative pressure is created when total Bernoulli head downstream
exceeds that upstream due to large pressure and/or velocity gradients.
It damages the water seal of appliances and foul air enters the building.
VENT FOR DRAINAGE
VENT FOR DRAINAGE
VENT FOR DRAINAGE
SINGLE STACK DESIGN
A stack coupled with a
vent arrangement is
needed in 3-5 storied
buildings. Vents are not
needed in low rise
buildings.
Above five stories the
ground floor appliances
are connected to a
separate stack and vent
system and others to a
common system.
Above twenty stories,
both ground and first
floor appliances are
separately drained.
FULLY – VENTED SINGLE – STACK
SYSTEM
The fully vented single stack system is used in
buildings where there are a large number of
sanitary appliances in ranges, e.g. factories,
schools, offices and hospitals.
The trap on each appliances is fitted with the
anti-siphon or vent pipe. Individual vent pipes
combine in a common vent in a range, which is
inclined until it meets the vertical vent stack.
The vent stack may be left open to atmosphere or
it may connect to the main stack at a point above
the spillover level of the highest appliance. The
bottom of vent stack is connected to the main
stack close to the bottom rest bend to relieve any
compression at this point.
Diameter of vent = half the diameter of main
stack above 100mm dia; Two third for 50mm dia.
VENT TOP DETAILS

AIR ADMITTANCE VALVE

DRAINAGE IN BASEMENTS
DRAIN SEWER CONNECTION
DRAIN SEWER CONNECTION
DOMESTIC SEWAGE DISPOSAL
DOMESTIC SEWAGE DISPOSAL
 SEPTIC TANK DESIGN
No. of Users Length, m Breadth, m Liquid Depth, m
5 1.5 0.75 1.0
10 2.0 0.90 1.0
15 2.0 0.90 1.3
20 2.3 1.10 1.3
50 5.0 2.0 1.0
100 7.5 2.65 1.0
150 10.0 3.0 1.0
200 12.0 3.3 1.0
300 15.0 4.0 1.0

Free Board = 300 mm

Two compartments of 2:1 volume ratio are preferred.

MUNICIPAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
 THANK YOU.
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