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“Mary, Mary quite contrary…
how do your neurons grow?”
Image: www.brainconnection.com
© 1999 Scientific Learning Corporation
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Brain development progresses in a
hierarchical, “bottom-up” sequence,
with advanced skills built on more
basic capabilities.
As it develops, the quality of brain
architecture establishes a sturdy or
weak foundation for learning and
behavior. “What fires together, wires
together”
Brain circuits consolidate with
increasing age, making them more
difficult to rewire.
The timetable of brain plasticity varies:
it is narrow for basic sensory abilities,
wider for language, and broadest for
cognitive and social-emotional skills.
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At birth the brain is
25% of adult size &
reaches 90% of adult
size by age 5.
Impact of the
environment on the
structure and function
of the brain is greatest
during the first 3 years
of life.
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FOREBRAIN Abstract Thought
Cortex Logic
“Executive Center” Reasoning
Attachment
MIDBRAIN Context Memory
Sexual Behavior
Limbic
Emotion Reactivity
“Emotional Center”
Appetite/Satiety
Blood Pressure
Body Temperature
HINDBRAIN Motor Regulation
Cerebellum & Balance
Brainstem Heart Rate
“Alarm Center” Breathing
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Newborn Early Later
Childhood Childhood
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Environments can
influence genes as they
are “expressed”. Their
intensity can either
reduce or increase
genetically based risks.
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Nature/Nurture Blend
Language Example
Biological The
Ability to: Environment
Recognize Shapes:
speech Particular
Discern languages
sounds learned
expectation
which alters
perception
which shapes
behavior
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As biological beings, we are “hard-
wired” at birth for survival, pleasure and
comfort (homeostasis)
Brainstem & limbic functions
“What fires together wires together”
Trauma creates highly reinforced neural
pathways in unconscious and pre-
conscious brain systems
“rubber-banding” to earlier survival
mode (no sense of linear time)
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Trauma results in “splintered” memory
formation: stress fragmented memory
storage w/o markers for conscious recall
flashbacks
Mis-attribution of self Victim stance:
“What’s WRONG with me?” vs
“What’s happening to me?”
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How does trauma impact memory?
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How does trauma impact memory?
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Standford University.
www.stanford.edu-group-hopes-basics-braintut-f_ab 17
HPA – hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis
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Alarm
Relaxation
Normal (baseline)
“New Normal”
(high baseline)
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Stephen Porges, PhD
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“Polyvagal Trauma Response”
Stephen Porges, PhD
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When the
“survival When the
Brain” starts “survival
to freak and Brain” starts
bleed up into to freak and
the cortex, we dumps into
tend to call it the brain stem,
“irrational we call it the
thinking” “Acute Stress
Response”
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TriUne Brain and Recovery (2a)
With many
Trauma
Spiritual Physical
Survivors, the
Awakening abstinence recovery
process gets
“stuck” here
Emotional Rational when the
Recovery Treatment “survival
brain“ gets
triggered.
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Mnemonic for PTSD
ATTACHMENT:
Trauma
violates a
child’s basic
assumptions
about their
environment’s
safety and
benevolence.
(1- 3 = acute // > 3 = chronic)
After Eisen &
Goodman (1998)
and Van der Kolk –
DSM-V Planning
Council (2005-07)
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Karina Forrest-Perkins, CEO Prevent Child Abuse Minnesota
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Karina Forrest-Perkins, CEO Prevent Child Abuse Minnesota
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Remember the
ACEs study?
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Ann W Smith MS, LPC, LMFT, NCC
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Ann W Smith MS, LPC, LMFT, NCC
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Ann W Smith MS, LPC, LMFT, NCC
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Ann W Smith MS, LPC, LMFT, NCC
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Ann W Smith MS, LPC, LMFT, NCC
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Ann W Smith MS, LPC, LMFT, NCC
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Attachment Trauma
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Personality Development & Core Emotion
Maslow’s Heirarchy of Human Needs Erickson’s Stages of Personality Development
Integration vs Despair
Contribution vs Dependence
Need to have Meaning
Joy Intimacy vs Isolation
Need for Respect Sadness Identity vs Role Confusion
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Immediately IMPROVE Negative Events
with more Positive Actions
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DBT Restores Balance
Spiritual Being
(meditation)
SELF
Cognitive Being Emotional Being
(re-structuring) (self-regulation)
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“Emotions” - MIND
Sense of
SELF
“Feelings” - BODY
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Thank you for
the work you do!!
Mike Bricker MS, CADC-II, NCAC-2, LPC
the STEMSS® Institute
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