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Chapter 14
Chemical Equilibrium
Equilibrium Condition:
Study equilibrium tells us more about whether a reaction will occur or not.
Closed system
Example: At 500K, the reaction PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g) in a closed system
• If start with 1M of reactants, at equilibrium, [PCl3(g)] = [Cl2(g)] = 0.52M,
[PCl5(g)]= 0.48M this gives Kc = 1.8
• If start with 1M of product, at equilibrium, [PCl3(g)] = [Cl2(g)] = 0.52M,
[PCl5(g)]= 0.48M this gives Kc = 1.8
• If start with 2M of reactants, at equilibrium, [PCl3(g)] = [Cl2(g)] = 0.82M,
[PCl5(g)]= 1.18M this gives Kc = 1.8
• If add 1M of Cl2, [PCl3(g)] = 0.30, [Cl2(g)] = 1.3M, [PCl5(g)]= 0.70M this gives Kc =
1.8
Depend on concentration, energy and organization
K: Law of mass action
Expression (Heterogeneous vs. Homogeneous reactions): Kp, Kc
Summarize:
If the coef in the reaction is: Then K is:
Doubled Squared