MICROPROCESSOR

AND
MICROCONTROLLER
HISTORY, MEANING, DIFFERENCE, ADVANTAGES AND DIS-ADVANTAGES
BY JAMIL TAN

RMTU IBA ZAMBALES

HISTORY

 The integrated circuit also known as the (IC) was

invented in 1958 by a man known as Jack S. Kilby. Kilby
worked for Texas instruments

 In the year 1969 the microprocessor was called the

“Micro computer chip” and this was named by Busicom.
The term microprocessor was developed until 1972
HISTORY

 First microprocessor introduced by Fairchild/Intel: 4004 &

4040, 4-bit proc.
 Next generation was the 8-bit 8008 & 8080, Zilog Z-80,
followed by the 16-bit 8088/8086.
 32-bit microprocessors introduced in 1986 by Intel as the
80386 (or 386) with 32-bit datapath and 32-bit mem.
address. This was the beginning of the modern
microprocessor.
 Currently: 64-bit, 30M+ trans. ~1GHz, 4+-issue
WORLD’S FIRST MICROPROCESSOR
BY INTEL (1971)
DEFINITION

MICROPROCESSOR

 Integrated circuit that contains the entire central

processing unit of a computer on a single chip.
 microprocessor is a computer processor which
incorporates the functions of a computer's central
processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC),
or at most a few integrated circuits.
DEFINITION

MICROCONTROLLER

 A microcontroller is a computer present in a single

integrated circuit which is dedicated to perform one
task and execute one specific application. It contains
memory, programmable input/output peripherals as well
a processor.
MICROCONTROLLER
DEFFERENCE
MICROPROCESSOR
 CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate
 designer can decide on the amount of
ROM, RAM and I/O ports.
 expensive
 versatility
 general-purpose
 High processing power
 High power consumption
 Instruction sets focus on processing-
intensive operations
 Typically 32/64 – bit
MICROCONTROLLER
 CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a
single chip
 fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports
 for applications in which cost, power and
space are critical
 single-purpose (control-oriented)
 Low processing power
 Low power consumption
 Bit-level operations
 Instruction sets focus on control and bit-level
operations
 Typically 8/16 bit
 NEW GENERATION OF
MICROCONTROLLER AND
MICROPROCESSOR
SoC (SYSTEM ON A CHIP)

WHAT IS SoC?
 Necessary components of a computer system
embedded on a single silicon die.
 SiP – System in a Package : multiple die in a single
package.
SoC (SYSTEM ON A CHIP)

SoC will contain:

 A processor
 Onboard execution memory (SRAM)
 Peripheral systems & interfaces connected to the
processing core via a SoC bus
 Many microcontrollers may contain FLASH memory for
program storage
EXAMPLE OF SoC
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF MICROPROCESSOR
ADVANTAGES
 We can use the same microprocessor everywhere and
add the peripherals according to the requirement of the
project. The basic code remains the same, only the
code for interfacing the peripherals changes. For large
projects, this leads to smaller turnaround time and lower
cost.
DISADVANTAGES
 Board size is larger than a microcontroller based project
since there are a large number of discrete components.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF MICROCONTROLLER
ADVANTAGES
 Everything is included in a small IC
 Almost all the peripherals are on board
 No need a full computer to perform the primary task

DISADVANTAGES
 The designer has to be content with the performance of
the onboard peripheral. Usually specific peripherals are
the specialty of specific companies.
THANK YOU

END OF SLIDE