Personality Traits

NPS
 The Big Five Personality Factors
• A remarkably strong consensus of what traits are
basic has emerged over the last 20 years.
• Five super ordinate factors have emerged and are
referred to as the Big 5.
• Five factors are well supported by a wide variety of
research. During the 1980s and 90s a vast array of
research has combined to support.
• The early evidence was first published by Fiske, in
1949.
• The 5-factor model measurement tool was
developed by Costa and McCrae (1985).
 Big 5
The Big 5 according to the NEO are Neuroticism,
Extraversion, Openness to Experience,
Agreeableness and Conscientiousness
(Remember OCEAN, or NEOAC):
• Neuroticism (Emotional Stability)
• Extraversion (Introversion)
• Openness to experience (Closedness to
experiences)
• Agreeableness (Disagreeableness)
• Conscientiousness (Lack of conscientiousness)
 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator- MBTI
• Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) stated that the
totality of an individual’s personality is
represented by the psyche which is consists of
various interacting systems.
• Jung believes that personality is strongly
rooted from the ancestral past; product of
heredity.
• Jung stresses that the archetypes are man’s
inherited predispositions to respond to things
in a certain manner.
Personality Orientation (by Jung)
1. Extroversion: Individuals whose energies are
directed to the external world of people, things,
and activities (Want more interactions with
others, talk more, love gathering, talk to
everyone, and prefer social life, less concentration
to readings)
2. Introversion: Individuals whose energies are
directed to the internal world of thoughts,
feelings, fantasies, and dreams. Introverts are
oriented towards the subjective inner world.
(Energized by inner thoughts, think more, want
alone, difficult to remember names, speak less)
 Four Psychological Functions
• Feeling type: evaluative, entirely subjective, emotional
response (follow their heart rather head, focus on personal
like and dislikes, kindness, and feel uneasy while other
disagreed)
• Intuiting type: instinctive apprehension, irrational and
perceptual, perception process that is beyond the conscious
process, intuition is seen when people understand something
but cannot explain why they understand
• Thinking type: determines what is present and interprets its
meaning, intellectual, rational and logical, connects ideas to
one another to form intellectual concepts (Decide on the
basis of logic, analysis and reason, no care to other’s feelings,
strongly hold principle)
• Sensing type: uses the sensory perceptions of sight, sound,
smell, taste, and touch in getting information, good at
observing and listening, typical characteristic of children
(realistic, good memorization, use five senses extremely,
oriented toward present, structured, usually like clear
guidelines)
 MBTI test
• David Keirsey elaborated Jung’s theory or concept
further. Based on this theory, Myers and Briggs
developed the inventory to assess personality,
called MBTI.
• It is also called the Big Four model, accepting
Extroversion vs. Introversion as basic and adding
an additional three:
• Extroversion vs. Introversion (E-I)
• Sensing vs. iNtuition (S-N)
• Thinking vs. Feeling (T-F)
• Perceiving vs. Judging (J-P). (desire to perceive
events vs. desire to have things done so
judgments can be made)
 Occupational Trends by Type
American Institute of aeronautic and Astronautics (1993) states that the
occupational success relates particular type of personality;
• ISTJ= Management, administration, law enforcement, accounting
• ISFJ= Education, health care, religious setting
• INFJ= Religion, counseling, teaching, arts
• INTJ= Technical field, computer, law
• ISTP= Skilled trades, technical, agriculture. Law enforcement, military
• ISFP= Health care, business, law enforcement
• INFP= Counseling, writing, arts
• INTP= Scientific or technical field
• ESTP= Marketing, skilled trades, business, law enforcement, applied
technology
• ESFP= health care, teaching, coaching, childcare worker, skill trades
• ENFP= Counseling, teaching, religion, arts
• ENTP= Science, management, technology, arts
• ESTJ= Management, administration, law enforcement
• ESFJ= Education, health care, religion
• ENFJ= Religion, arts, teaching
• ENTJ= Management, leadership