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When is Noise Immunity design
needed?
• Senior Design I
– Paper Design wks 1-8
• Senior Design II
– Prototype device testing wks 1- 3.
– Pre-integration testing with lab equipment DUT
(device under test). Wks 3- 6
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Where does noise get into
electronics?
• 6.4.1 Sources *
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ESD and unwanted signals
• Fatal to Electronics:
• Inadvertent user misuse.
• Extreme cases of user abuse and solutions:
– Bridge to block reverse polarity,
– Schottky diode: very fast switching times and low
forward voltage drop. As low as 0.15 volts for low
ma applications.
– Zener diode across the input.
– Circuit breaker – GFI
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Bare exposure to a CMOS gate
Reduce Transients
Protect from?
• Misuse during debug and testing.
• ESD and reverse polarity
– Solution: Diode circuits to protect against
• reduce transients
– Component Specification Sheets
– Solution: Low pass filter
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Polarity Protection
(+) +
Schottky diode 1N5822 or Input Port
1N5817 –
(–)
+
1N4001
Input Port
–
Fuse
(+) +
input port
(–) –
Zener diode
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Over-voltage Protection for
Digital Inputs
Vdd
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Minimize Bandwith
One solution: Lowpass Filter
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Knowing Your Design Specification
1. If considering various output devices, review various
manufactures specification sheets .
2. Current (i.e. CMOS versus TTL ).
3. Control Voltage (Vdd vary from 1.5 VDC to 12 VDC
typically)
4. Needed minimum Signal Transient Response.
5. RLC loads (dangerous current and voltage spikes)
6. Apply to Thevenin Equivalent Circuits
– Source electronics
– Device being driven
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Harness -Twisted Pair
When purchasing harness cable:
• Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
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Harness Signal Response
Design Considerations: data rate, distance, noise,
parasitic capacitance, reflections.
1. Frequency Response/ Rise Time needs
– DC to 100 khz Open Wire
– DC to 40 MB/s Ribbon Cable (less than 3’)
• SCSI, SPI-3 applications
• http://www.csee.umbc.edu/~plusquel/650/slides/ribbon_cables.pdf
– DC to 300 mhz Twisted Pair - unshielded, ribbon
– DC to 100/1000 MB/s 10/ 100/ 1000 BaseT
ethernet Cat 5 minimum spec. RJ45 connector.
– Coax, VHF 3000 megahz (scope probe, cable TV)
attenuation, reflectance, Cable TV, Rf
• http://www.netspec.com/helpdesk/wiredoc.html
– DC to 4 gigahz Fiber Optics
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Harness -Twisted Pair
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CMOS characteristics Print out the
specification sheets.
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Isolating Noise
• Analog and Digital Optocoupler /Optoisolators Somewhat
expensive ($1/ channel) but good isolation.
– an electronic device that uses optics to transfer a signal while
keeping the receiving and transmitting circuits electrically isolated
• http://www.analog.com (Analog Devices)
• http://www.optoinc.com/
• http://www.optoinc.com/optocouplers1.html
• Power connection.
• What does not work?
– Fuses tipically are ineffective since a fuse is too slow to stop ESD
current but good for harness shortcircuit.
• Shielding
• Fiber Optics
– When higher speed data is needed.
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Isolators
• Analog Devices, Isolators
http://www.analog.com/en/subCat/0,2879,767%255F827%255F0%255F%255F
0%255F,00.html
• Isolators:
http://www.analog.com/en/prod/0,2877,ADuM2401,00.html
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components and spec sheets
http://www.electronicstalk.com/guides/short-circuit-
protection.html
http://www.maxim-
ic.com/appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/38
http://www.onsemi.com/PowerSolutions/taxonomy.do?id=29
8 EMI RFI
http://www.edn.com/article/CA326921.html
http://www.bussmann.com/library/techspec/TechSpec19_s
up.pdf#search=%22short%20circuit%20protection%22
http://www.elecdesign.com/Articles/Index.cfm?AD=1&Artic
leID=5195 UL 489 and UL1077 standards
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