PRODUCT LOAD CONSTANTS

𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑘𝐽 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑐𝑝 = 4.187 =1
𝑘𝑔𝐾 𝑙𝑏𝑅
𝑘𝐽 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐿𝑓 = 335 = 144
𝑘𝑔 𝑙𝑏
𝑐𝑝 𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 0.5𝑐𝑝 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
PRODUCT LOAD CONSTANTS
𝑉𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑘𝐽
𝑐𝑝 = 3.35
𝑘𝑔𝐾
𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑘𝐽
𝑐𝑝 = 3.76
𝑘𝑔𝐾
PRODUCT LOAD CONSTANTS
𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑘
𝑘𝐽
𝑐𝑝 = 3.9 𝑠𝑔 = 1.05
𝑘𝑔𝐾
𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑎
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑐𝑝 = 0.935 𝑠𝑔 = 1.03
𝑙𝑏𝑅
PRODUCT LOAD CONSTANTS
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑟𝑦
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑐𝑝 𝑎 = 3.18 𝑐𝑝 𝑏 = 1.55
𝑘𝑔𝐾 𝑘𝑔𝐾
𝑘𝐽
𝐿𝑓 = 246 𝑇𝑓 = −5℃
𝑘𝑔
PRODUCT LOAD CONSTANTS
𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝐵𝑒𝑒𝑓
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑐𝑝 𝑎 = 3.23 𝑐𝑝 𝑏 = 1.68
𝑘𝑔𝐾 𝑘𝑔𝐾
𝑘𝐽
𝐿𝑓 = 233 𝑇𝑓 = −2.2℃
𝑘𝑔
PRODUCT LOAD CONSTANTS
𝐹𝑖𝑠ℎ (𝑇𝑢𝑛𝑎)
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑐𝑝 𝑎 = 0.7 𝑐𝑝 𝑏 = 0.3
𝑘𝑔𝐾 𝑘𝑔𝐾
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐿𝑓 = 55.5 𝑇𝑓 = −3℃
𝑘𝑔
A refrigerating system for an ice plant circulates 213.5 lb Freon-12 per minute. The
evaporation pressure is 30 psia, the condensing pressure is 110 psia. The Freon-12
temperature leaving the coil and entering the compressor is 20oF and the
temperature entering the expansion valve is 80oF. The plant produce ice at 30oF
from fresh water at 55oF. Assume isentropic compression and calculate or
determine:
(a) The enthalpies of the Freon-12:
entering the freezing box 26.28 Btu/lb
leaving the freeze box 80.73 Btu/lb
enthalpy leaving the compressor 91.02 Btu/lb
(b) The refrigerating effect 54.45 Btu/lb
(c) The internal compressor work 10.29 Btu/lb
(d) The coefficient of performance 5.29
(e) The internal power required 51.8 hp
(f) The refrigerating capacity of the plant 58.1 tons
(g) The ice output of the plant for continuous operation50 tons ice/day
A Freon-12 refrigerating unit for an air-conditioning system has an evaporation
pressure of 60 psia and a condensing pressure of 110 psia. The temperature of the
Freon-12 entering the expansion valve is 80oF and the temperature of the vapor
entering the compressor (at 60 psia) is 60oF and the enthalpy after compression is
90.18 Btu/lb. Calculate:

(a) The refrigerating effect 59.05 Btu/lb

(b) The coefficient of performance 12.18
(c) The mass of refrigerant circulated if the capacity of the unit
is 10 tons 33.9 lb/min
(d) The internal power required 3.87 hp
A modified Rankine refrigerating cycle operates with an evaporator pressure of 21.4
psia and a condenser pressure of 141 psia. Refrigerant is Freon-12 circulating
through the system at 30 lb/min. Liquid refrigerant at 141 psia and 100oF enters the
expansion valve, and superheated vapor 21.4 psia and 5oF enters the compressor.
Calculate:

(a) The refrigerating effect 47.86 Btu/lb

(b) The plant capacity in tons of refrigeration 7.18 tons
(c) The power required to compress refrigerant 10.66 hp
(d) The plant coefficient performance 3.17
A Freon-12 refrigerating unit was tested by circulating the low pressure refrigerant through a
commercial water cooler: Freon 12 pressure and temperature at compressor suction, 46
psia and 78.4oF; at compressor discharge, 131 psia and 160.4oF; at condenser inlet, 131
psia and 159.6oF; at condenser outlet, 131 psia and 97.6oF; at expansion valve, 129 psia
and 96.4oF; entering water chiller, 50 psia and 38.3oF; leaving water chiller, 50 psia and
79.8oF; temperature of fresh water entering; chiller, 91.4oF; leaving chiller, 69.2oF; Freon-12
flow rate 21 lb/min; water flow rate, 56 lb/min; power to compressor motor, 5.8 kW; and
motor and belt efficiency, 82 percent. Calculate
(a) The capacity of unit as established by the Freon-12 measurements 6.13 tons
(b) The capacity of the unit as determined from the fresh water measurements 6.21 tons
(c) The power input to the unit at the compressor shaft 270.5 Btu/min
(d) The shaft input per ton of refrigeration based on Freon-12 1.04 hp/ton
(e) The coefficient of performance based on Freon-12 capacity and compressor shaft input 4.5
In a 50 percent reaction stage, the carryover velocity from the preceding stage is 55
m/sec, the stage available energy is 50 kJ/kg, the fixed blade (nozzle) efficiency is
0.94 and the fixed blade velocity coefficient is 0.90. Find the velocity of the steam
leaving the fixed blades, m/sec.

222.4 m/sec
In the turbine stage with 30 percent reaction, the steam enters the moving blades
with a relative velocity of 350 ft/sec, the stage available energy is 25 Btu/lb, the
reactive effectiveness is 0.90 and the moving blade velocity coefficient is 0.92. Find
the relative velocity of the steam leaving the moving blades, ft/sec.

665 ft/sec
Steam enters a 50 percent reaction stage in a low pressure turbine with
negligible carryover velocity at 12.0 psia and a moisture content of 0.06. The
steam leaves the fixed blades with a velocity of 670 ft/sec. The relative
velocities entering and leaving the moving blades are 230 ft/sec and 670
ft/sec, respectively. The steam at exit from the moving blades has an
absolute velocity of 230 ft/sec and a pressure of 9.0 psia. Assume the
combined blade efficiency and the stage efficiency are equal and find:

(a) The stage work 15.8 Btu/lb

(b) The available energy to the stage 19.2 Btu/lb
(c) The combined blade efficiency 82.3%