Cactus and succulents.

Presentation.
 Name of the teacher:
 Name of the student: Maria Luisa Gomez Colmenero
 Name of the school. Liceo Hispanoamericano.
 Grade: 3 Secundari
 Group: “A”
 Date of delivery: 11th of april.
 School cycle: 2017-2018
 Theme: Cacti and succulents.
 Matias Romero Avendaño Oaxaca to 21 of march of 2018.
 Origin:
 This family is originally from America. However,
there is one exception, Rhipsalis baccifera, which
is widespread in tropical Africa, Madagascar and
Ceylon. It is believed that the colonization of the
Old World by this species is relatively recent (a
few hundred years), probably transported in the
digestive tract of migratory birds in the form of
seeds.
 Cultivation:
 Cactuses with an arid and dry climate are xerophilous,
that is, they can tolerate drought well, but like all plants,
they also need to obtain water to live. When they are
cultivated it is convenient to let the substrate dry
between irrigation and irrigation. It is very important that
the soil does not puddle: too much water and, above all, a
poorly drained substrate cause the appearance of fungi
and the death of the plant. In fact, one of the biggest
mistakes in the care of cacti is the excess of irrigation.
 As a general rule, most desert cacti prefer a sunny exposure. However,
the epiphytic cacti, on the other hand, need a semi-shaded position but
a lot of light, and more water to survive well; among them we can find
the cactus of the genus Rhipsalis and Epiphyllum. They also require a
more shady exposure in their period of adaptation the newly
transplanted cactus, the very young and those who come to spend a
season in the interior.
 Irrigation depends on many factors: exposure, time of year, type of
substrate, climate, whether it is in a pot or soil, the material of the pot,
whether it is outside or not. Thus, in a very hot and dry area, a cactus in
a clay pot facing south (in the Northern Hemisphere) will need much
more watering at the same time of the year as one planted in a semi-
shade directly on the ground in a more temperate zone. rainy During the
summer, an irrigation every 10 days can be correct as a reference; in
spring and autumn they have to be spaced more. While the winter cold
lasts practically no need to water. But indoors and with heating, you
should continue to water occasionally during the winter to prevent the
substrate from drying out completely.
 Types of cactus

 Peyote: Peyote is a small, spineless cactus that contains

mescaline as its main chemical active. It has a long history
of use among the natives of northern Mexico and the
southwestern United States.
 Cactus san pedro: it is a medicinal plant now, sacred,
ritual and toxic therefore it is advisable to know it well
before putting it in your mouth.
 Echinocactus grusonii: it can reach up to meter in
dimeter, keeping a perfect ball.
 Succulents
• Succulents are a large group of plants from
diffrent families, which have the facility to
retain water in tissues orin the from of sap,
latex or mucilage. Therefore, these plants can
live andreproduce in situations of water
scarcity.
 Origin:
 The succulent or succulent plants (from the Latin
succulentus, 'very juicy') are those in which some organ or
part has been modified in a new specialization that allows
the storage of water in much greater quantities than in
the rest of the plants. "They are parts with a large
proportion of parenchyma tissue that can store large
amounts of water." 1 This adaptation allows them to
maintain water reserves for prolonged periods and survive
in arid and dry environments that other plants find
uninhabitable.
 Many succulent plants, both in the Old and New World, bear
a striking resemblance to cacti and are often so called in
ordinary language. However, this is due to parallel or
convergent evolution (similar selective pressures result in
similar morphologies), since none of them is closely related
to cacti. The clearest identifying characteristic of the cactus
family is the areola, a specialized structure from which
spines emerge, new shoots and, in many cases, flowers.

 According to Appendix I of CITES, more than 15 genera of

cacti (with 73 species) are in serious danger of extinction,
habitat deterioration or predation.
 Care:
 However, one of the problems with this type of plants is that
we usually fall into the error of treating them like any other. A
common failure in its cultivation if we consider that succulents
are a unique botanical family that has a distinguished
representative that gives us clues about their care: the cactus.

 A simple way, to know that they are also succulent, to

understand that their care is different. Different does not mean
complicated (in this case, quite the opposite) but it is
fundamental to be able to enjoy our plants as they have to be:
well cultivated. For this, it will be necessary to use substrates
and specific fertilizers for crasas.
 Cultivation:
 Precisely for that reason, the excess of irrigation can be
lethal for them. During the cold months, they will not
need more than one irrigation every fifteen days while in
the hot months we can increase the rate to one irrigation
per week.
 Remembering the origin of these plants is how we can
better realize that their water needs are reduced.
Succulent plants are able to absorb moisture from the
environment and retain it in its leaves, stems and roots.
 This capacity is responsible for, on many occasions, we
see this type of plants suspended in the air or in glass
containers with hardly any substrate to hold on to.
Despite the surprise, even so some succulents are able to
stay hydrated.
Thanks for your attention
.