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GPON –Fundamentals
Contents
Basic Concepts of PON
Overview of Optical Access Network
Analysis of GPON Standards
GPON Key Technologies
GPON Management and Service Provisioning
Basic Services over GPON Network
Page 2
Basic Concepts of PON
Page 3
What is PON?
ONU
PSTN
Page 4
Why GPON?
• GPON(Gigabit Passive Optical Networks)
Page 5
Concepts
Page 6
GPON Principle----Data Multiplexing
1490nm
1310nm
To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber, GPON adopts
two multiplexing mechanism:
– In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
– In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner.
Page 7
GPON Principle----Downstream Data
Broadcast mode
Page 8
GPON Principle----Upstream Data
TDMA mode
Page 9
Comparison Between GPON and EPON
GPON EPON
Page 11
Architecture of Optical Access Network
CO Customer
Premise
3.5-5km
xDSL 2~20Mbps Remote Business
BA DSLAM
ODN Curb
MDU
Multi-Dwelling Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTB OLT
ONU
Optical Networks Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTH OLT
ONT
Optical Line Termination Optical Networks Termination
Page 12
What is Optical Access Network?
From the architecture diagram, the optical access network comprises the following
scenarios:
1. FTTB scenario
As an access scenario for business users, Fiber to The Business (FTTB) scenario falls
into single business unit (SBU) and Business Multi-tenant unit (MTU) in terms of
capacity. Of them, SBU provides a comparatively small number of ports, including
following types: POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, RF(33dBmV), and DS1/T1/E1 ports; MTU
provides a comparatively larger number of ports, including following types: POTS,
10/100/1000BASE-T, RF and DS1/T1/E1 ports.
2. FTTC & FTTCab scenario
As an access to the curb or the cabinet over fiber, Fiber to The Curb& Fiber to The
Cabinet (FTTC & FTTCab) scenario is for the Multi-dwelling unit (MDU), providing a
comparatively larger number of ports, including following types: 10/100/1000BASE-T,
RF(33dBmV), VDSL2, and so on.
3. FTTH scenario
As an access to the home over fibre, Fiber to The Home (FTTH ) scenario is mainly for
the single family unit (SFU), providing a comparatively small number of ports, including
following types: POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, and RF(18dBmV).
Page 13
Analysis of GPON Standards
Page 14
GPON Standards
ITU-T G-984.1/2/3/4
ITU-T G.984.3
• Specifications of TC layer in the GPON system
ITU-T G.984.4
• GTC multiplexing architecture and protocol
• OMCI message format
stack
• OMCI device management frame
• GTC frame
• OMCI working principle
• ONU registration and activation
• DBA specifications
• Alarms and performance
Page 15
GPON Network Model Reference
UNI R/S ODN S/R SNI
Page 16
Basic Performance Parameters of GPON
GPON identifies 7 transmission speed combination as follows:
0.15552 Gbit/s up, 1.24416 Gbit/s down
0.62208 Gbit/s up, 1.24416 Gbit/s down
1.24416 Gbit/s up, 1.24416 Gbit/s down
0.15552 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down
0.62208 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down
1.24416 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down
2.48832 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down
Among them, 1.24416 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down is the mainstream
speed combination supported at current time.
Page 17
GPON Network Protection Mode
No backup on devices.
When the primary fibre fails, the
ONU#1
services on the fibre transfers to
1:N optical splitter IFpon the secondary fibre.
OLT
Service outage occurs, and the
Protected area outage duration depends on the
IFpon time of line recovery.
Secondary fibre ONU#N When the disconnection occurs to
the line from splitter to ONU,
IFpon service outage will occur and no
Type A Fibre backup backup happens.
The protected objects are restricted
IFpon Protected area
to the fibre from the OLT to the
ONU and boards of the OLT. For
IFpon ONU#N faults occur to other parts, no
protection is provided. With potential
Type B OLT interface backup IFpon
security problems, it cannot
satisfies customer’s requirements.
Fault location fails.
Page 18
GPON Network Protection Mode
Both the OLT and the ONT
ONU#1 provides two GPON interfaces.
GPON interfaces on the OLT
IFpon work in 1:1 mode.
IFpon
OLT
2:N optical splitter
This type is a kind of whole-
network protection. Two routes
are provided between OLT and
ONU, ensuring recovery of
IFpon various faults.
Whole-network protection When the primary PON port on
IFpon the ONU or user line fails, ONU
automatically transfers services
to the secondary PON port. In
this way, services goes
2:N optical splitter ONU#N upstream through the secondary
IFpon line and secondary port on the
IFpon OLT. Basically, service outage
will not occur.
Type C All-backup It is complex to realize it and not
cost-effective.
One port stays at idle state all
the time, causing low bandwidth
utilization.
Page 19
GPON Network Protection Mode
Page 20
GPON Multiplexing Architecture
OLT ONT
Port
GEM Port GEM Port
O T-CONT Port
Port T-CONT
N
U T-CONT
Port
Port
T-CONT
O
IFpon Port
N T-CONT
GEM Port: the minimum unit for carrying services.
Port
U T-CONT: Transmission Containers is a kind of Buffer
that carries services. It is mainly used to transmit
upstream data units. T-CONT is introduced to realize
O the dynamic bandwidth assignment of the upstream
N T-CONT Port bandwidth, so as to enhance the utilization of the line.
IF pon: GPON interface.
U
Base on the mapping scheme, service traffic is carried
to different GEM ports and then to different T-CONTs.
Port-ID The mapping between the GEM port and the T-CONT
ONU-ID is flexible. A GEM Port can correspond to a T-CONT; or
identifies Alloc-IDs identifies identifies GEM
ports multiple GEM Ports can correspond to the same T-
ONUs T-CONTs
CONT.
A GPON interface of an ONU contains one or multiple
T-CONTs.
Page 21
OLT Functional Blocks
Cross
PON Core Shell Service Shell
Connect Shell
Cross
Connection
function
PON core shell consists of two parts: PON interface function and PON TC function. PON TC
function includes framing, media access control, OAM, DBA, and delineation of Protocol Data
Unit (PDU) for the cross connect function, and ONU management.
The Cross-connect shell provides a communication path between the PON core
shell and the Service shell, as well as cross-connect functionality.
Service Shell provides translation between service interfaces and TC
(transmission convergence) frame interface of the PON section.
Page 22
ONU/ONT Functional Blocks
Service
adaptation
PON interface PON TC
function function
MUX/
DEMUX
The functional building blocks of the G-PON ONU are mostly similar to the
functional building blocks of the OLT. Since the ONU operates with only a single
PON Interface (or maximum 2 interfaces for protection purposes), the cross-
connect function can be omitted. However, instead of this function, service MUX/
multiplex and DMUX function is specified to handle traffic.
Page 23
GPON Frame Structure
Downstream Framing
125us
Physical Control Block
Downstream (PCBd)
Upstream
Payload
Bandwidth Map ONT1
OLT
T-CONT1 T-CONT 2
(ONT 1) (ONT 2)
Slot Slot Slot Slot
100 200 300 500
ONT64
PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu Payload x DBRu Y Payload y
Upstream Framing
Page 24
GPON Frame Structure
Page 25
GPON Upstream Frame Structure
Upstream Framing
PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu x Payload x DBRu y Payload y PLOu DBRu z Payload z
ONT A ONT B
DBA CRC
1,2,4bytes 1 bytes
Preamble Delimiter BIP ONU-ID Ind Msg ID Message CRC
ONU ID
A bytes B bytes 1 bytes 1 bytes 1 bytes 1 bytes 10 bytes 1 bytes
Page 26
GPON Downstream Frame Structure
Downstream Framing
125us
FEC Ind Reserved Super-frame Blen BW Map Alen ATM Partition CRC
1 bit 1 bit Counter 30 bits Length 12 bits Length 12 bits 8 bits
Page 27
GPON Downstream Frame Structure
Downstream Framing
Ident Identification domain Used for sorting a frame in the frames of the
same type in length sequence.
Downstream PLOAM (PLOAMd) PLOAM messages of downstream data Used for reporting ONU management
messages, including maintenance and
management status. This field may not be
contained in a frame but must be negotiated.
BIP Bit interleaved parity Used for performing a parity check for all bytes
between two BIP fields (excluding the
preamble and delimit) to monitor error codes.
PLend Length of downstream payloads Used for specifying the length of the BWmap
field.
Upstream bandwidth map (US BW Map) Upstream bandwidth mapping Used by the OLT for sending the upstream
bandwidth mapping to each T-CONT. The
BWmap specifies the start and end times for
each T-CONT in transmitting data.
Page 28
Mapping of TDM Service in GPON
TDM
TDM data Payload
TDM fragment
TDM frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed
in to fixed-length GEM frames for transmission.
This scheme does not vary TDM services but transmit TDM services transparently.
Featuring fixed length, GEM frames benefits the transmission of TDM services .
Page 29
Mapping of Ethernet Service in GPON
PLI
Inter packet gap
Port ID 5 bytes
Preamble PTI
SFD CRC
DA
SA GEM
Length\Type Payload
FEC
EOF
GPON system resolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of frames
into the GEM Payload.
GEM frames automatically encapsulate header information.
Mapping format is clear and it is easy for devices to support this mapping. It also
boasts good compatibility.
Page 30
GPON Key Technologies
Page 31
DBA
What is DBA?
--- DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
--- DBA is a scheme facilitating dynamic bandwidth assignment at an interval of ns and us.
Why DBA?
--- It enhances the uplink bandwidth utilization of PON ports.
--- More users can be added on a PON port.
--- Users can enjoy higher-bandwidth services, especially those requiring comparatively
greater change in terms of the bandwidth.
Page 32
DBA Working Principle SLA: Service-Level Agreement
BW: Bandwidth
Maximum: maximum bandwidth
Guaranteed: guaranteed bandwidth
Minimum: minimum bandwidth
Based on service priorities, the system sets SLA for each ONU, restricting service bandwidth.
The maximum bandwidth and the minimum bandwidth pose limits to the bandwidth of each ONU, ensuring
various bandwidth for services of different priorities. In general, voice service enjoys the highest, then video
service and data service the lowest in terms of service priority.
OLT grants bandwidth based on services, SLA and the actual condition of the ONU. Services of higher priority
enjoy higher bandwidth.
Page 33
T-CONT Bandwidth Terms
Page 34
Relationship Between T-CONT Type and Bandwidth
Type
Type1 T-CONT is of the fixed bandwidth type and mainly used for services sensitive to delay and services of
higher priorities, such as voice services.
Type2 and type3 T-CONT is of the guaranteed bandwidth type and mainly used for video services and data
services of higher priorities.
Type4 is of the best-effort type and mainly used for data services (such as Internet and email), and services of
lower priorities. These services do not require high bandwidth.
Type5 is of the mixed T-CONT type, involving all bandwidth types and bearing all services.
Page 35
QoS Mechanism of ONU in GPON
VOIP
Traffic-flow Service
Scheduling differentia
VOD GPON
DATA And buffer based on
TDM control 802.1p
VOIP
Traffic-flow Service
VOD Scheduling differentia
GPON based on
DATA And buffer
TDM control 802.1p
Page 36
QoS Mechanism of OLT in GPON
802.1p
Ethernet
VOIP
COS
bridging
BTV
GE/10GE Queuing &
DATA Non- GPON
BSR scheduling
TDM blocking
switching DBA GPON
OLT
Upstream service
traffic based on
different VLANs
TDM Gateway
PSTN
Page 37
AES Encryption in GPON
1 1 1 End User
ONT
1
Decryption
1 3 2 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 1 End User
OLT ONT 2
2
Encryption Decryption
3 3 End User
AES: Advanced Encrypt System ONT
3
A globally-used encryption algorithm Decryption
Page 38
Optical Power Attenuation
Output
Input
2:N optical
splitter
Page 39
Fibre Attenuation and Power Budget
Minimum loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB
Maximum loss 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB
NOTE – The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one
system type than for another, e.g. the class C attenuation range is inherently
more stringent for TCM systems due to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner at
each side of the ODN, each having a loss of about 3 dB.
Page 40
Parameters of GPON Interfaces (Class B+)
Page 41
GPON Management and Service Provisioning
Page 42
Basic Services over GPON Network
Page 43
Triple Play Solution in GPON
BB service platform
PC TL1/CORBA VoD Server
/API Notification
Middle
SFU Carrier’s OSS
ware
IPTV
NMS
Phone
Ethernet Intern
MDU IP Core et
CPE
MSE
Splitter OLT
PC
SBU BRAS
Phone AAA Server
Softswitch
CBU
Base station
FE
E1
IP
Voice
Page 44
TDM Service Solution in GPON
PBX
PBX
GPON supports effective isolation and higher-priority
processing of TDAM service.
Page 45
RF Overlay Service Solution in GPON
Video
EDFA
(Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier) 1550nm
Central Voice/Data
Customer
Page 46
Configuration
Page 47
Huawei Configuration
1.Creat a Vlan in HUAWEI OLT
config
vlan 405 smart
3.Service profile:
==========================================
config
commit
quit
tcont 3 dba-profile-id 11
commit
quit Page 48
Huawei Configuration
7.Serviceport
=============================================================================
service-port 6353 vlan 3052 gpon 0/14/ 5 ont 18 gemport 64 multi-service user-vlan 3052 tag-transform translate rx-cttr 35 tx-cttr 35
Page 49
Alcatel Lucent Configuration
RACK >>SHELF>> L.T. Card>> PON>> ONT ID>> ONTCARD(C.R.)>> ONTETH Port(E.T.)
ONT Add
configure equipment ont interface PN/OI sernum ALCL:SN voip-allowed enable fec-up enable sw-ver-pland 3FE56065AFDB44
configure equipment ont interface PN/OI admin-state up
configure equipment ont slot PN/OI/CR planned-card-type 10_100base plndnumdataports ET plndnumvoiceports 0 admin-state up
configure interface port uni:PN/OI/CR/ET admin-up
BW Profile Name:
configure qos interface PN/OI/CR/ET upstream-queue [0...7] bandwidth-profile name:7Mbps_up bandwidth-sharing uni-sharing
VLAN Create
configure service vpls VD customer 1 v-vpls vlan VD create
configure service vpls VD sap nt-a:xfp:1:VD create
configure service vpls VD sap lt:LT:VD create
configure service vpls VD no shutdown
configure vlan id VD mode residential-bridge in-qos-prof-name name:PR
for trunk:
configure bridge port PN/OI/CR/ET vlan-id VD tag single-tagged
Page 50
Questions & Discussion
Page 51