Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Leaders:
Justin Martyr, Tatian, Tertulllian
Leaders:
Irenaeus, Hippolytus, Tertullian, Cyprian
Leadership/Church Organization
Doctrine of Baptism
Asceticism, Monasticism etc.
Creeds, Liturgy, Church Calendar,
Sacramentalism
Sacerdotalism/Priesthood The Lord’s Supper
becomes a sacrifice/supernatural
Hermeneutics – system of studying something and
arriving at truth
The Scientific Theologians
Purpose: To develop scientific methods of
biblical interpretation
Theologians:
Alexandrian – Pantaenus, Clement, Origen,
Athanasius, Cyril
Influenced by Wycliffe
Bible the only authority
Only God can forgive sin
Burned at the stake
Hussites virtually wiped out by the Inquisition
Brethren and Moravian Churches
(Anabaptist and/or Pietist movements)
John Huss Burned at the stake, 1415
A quick Review
God and His Spirit started the Church – Acts 1
Jewish then Roman persecution spread it
The Holy Roman Church traces it’s roots to the
apostles and was ‘the main show in town’ until
the reformation from 1517 to 1648.
Martin Luther 1483-1546
Augustinian Monk
95 Theses in Wittenburg
Studied Romans
Salvation by Faith Only
Scripture Only to know about God
Predestination – believed in, but
shouldn’t be discussed
Book of James a “book of straw.”
(will ‘burn up’ and not remain
canon over time)
Kept much of Catholic worship
practices
Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531)
Swiss Reformer
More radical than Luther
Rejected almost all Catholic forms of
worship.
Differed on the Lord’s Supper – set a
table down the isle and men and
women sat – bread and wine served
on boards and wooden cups
His influence led to the Anabaptists
Principle influence on John Calvin
William Tyndale 1494-1536
Protestant reformer
Translated the Bible into Early Modern
English
First to use the new medium of print
Arrested and jailed in 1535 in the
castle of Vilvoorde outside of
Brussels, Belgium
Was tried for heresy and treason, was
strangled and burnt at the stake in the
castle courtyard.
Much of his translation made it into
the King James Version in 1611
The Anabaptist Movement (1530’s and later)
The Radical Reformation
Martyrdom of Anabaptists
The Anabaptist Movement
Baptism by immersion of adults after
confession of faith for salvation.
Bible the only authority.
Separation of church and state.
Emphasized both life and doctrine
Pacifists (usually)
Many became martyrs
Began evangelistic, but became exclusive and
withdrawn. (Mennonites, Amish, Hutterites)
Tended to be very schismatic
John Calvin 1509-1564
Influenced most strongly by Zwingli
Strongly influenced by theology of Augustine
Most influential theologian of the Reformation
Emphasized Historical/Covenantal Theology
Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion
Established an autocratic theocracy in Geneva
Best known for his strong emphasis on
Predestination
TULIP
TULIP
Total depravity of mankind
every person is this by default
Unconditional election
God decides who will be saved ultimately
Limited atonement
The atonement of Christ applies only to those saved
Irresistible grace
The Holy Spirit CAN overcome all resistance and save