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LECTURE 15 DIODES
LECTURE#15
SILICON HAS 4 ELECTRONS IN ITS OUTER SHELL (VALENCE). IT WOULD LIKE AN ADDITONAL 4
FOR A OVERALL NEUTRAL CHARGE. IT DOES THIS BY SHARING ELECTRONS WITH OTHER
SILICON ATOMS.
BORON HAS 3 ELECTRONS IN ITS OUTER SHELL WHEN ADDED TO SILICON THIS LEADS TO A
DEFICIENCY OF 1 VALENCE ELECTRON (CALLED A HOLE) THIS GIVES THE SILICON A OVERALL
POSITIVE CHARGE. THIS IS CALLED P TYPE SILICON. THESE HOLES CAN MOVE THRU THE CRYSTAL
AND CARRY CURRENT.
PHOSPHORUS HAS 5 ELECTRONS IN ITS OUTER SHELL WHEN ADDED TO SILICON THIS LEADS TO A
EXCESS OF 1 VALENCE ELECTRON THIS GIVES THE SILICON A OVERALL NEGATIVE CHARGE. THIS IS
CALLED N TYPE SILICON. THESE ELCTRONS CAN MOVE THRU THE CRYSTAL AND CARRY CURRENT.
N TYPE ATOM
P TYPE ATOM
YOU TUBE : Semiconductors Theory 1 Segment 2A - Doped Silicon Crystal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRvJouvITug
Silicon Wafer Processing Animation http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=LWfCqpJzJYM&NR=1
THE DIODE IS AN ELECTRONIC ONE WAY VALVE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqzYsuTRVRc
At the junction, free electrons from
the N-type material fill holes from the
P-type material. This creates an
insulating layer in the middle of the
diode called the depletion zone.
IF THE FORWARD CURRENT BECOMES TOO GREAT THE DIODE MAY CRACK OR MELT. AT
THIS POINT THE DIODE MAY CONDUCT IN BOTH DIRECTIONS AND VAPORIZE THE CHIP.
PHOTODIODE SYMBOL
INCOMING PHOTONS
HOLES
ELECTRONS
WINDOW
METAL CAN
LENS
CHIP
ANODE
CATHODE
DIFFERENT PACKAGE STYLES FOR PHOTODIODES
CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES (CCD)
Any CCD
HOW DIODES ARE USED
cathode anode
cathode anode
device
symbol
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