Building Construction Materials

Insulating Materials
By:
Alka Shah
Civil Engineering Department
Institute of Technology
Nirma University
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Content

 Introduction

 Types of insulating materials

 Description of all type of material

 Insulating Materials-BCM

Introduction

All those material that control or stop the flow of

 Heat
 Electricity
 Sound
Are broadly classified as insulators or insulating materials
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Introduction

Insulations are also defined as those materials or combinations of materials

which retard the flow of heat energy by performing one or more of the
following functions:

 Conserve energy by reducing heat loss or gain

 Control surface temperatures for personnel protection and comfort

 Facilitate temperature control of process

 Prevent vapour flow and water condensation on cold surfaces.

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Introduction

 Increase operating efficiency of heating/ventilating/cooling, plumbing,

steam, process and power systems found in commercial and industrial
installations

 Prevent or reduce damage to equipment from exposure to fire or corrosive

atmospheres

 Assist mechanical systems in meeting criteria in food and cosmetic plants

 Reduce emissions of pollutants to the atmosphere

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Introduction

 In civil engineering, wide application of insulating materials

 While designing public, residential building etc., much importance needs to

given to heat, sound and electrical insulation to save energy and to provide
comfort, efficiency to work and economical
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Classification of Insulation Materials

Classification according to

Internal Structure Forms Transmission of energy

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Types of Insulating Materials – Internal Structure

Types of Insulator classified according to internal structure in to three category:

I. Fibrous Insulation

II. Cellular Insulation

III. Granular Insulation

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Fibrous Insulation

 Composed of small diameter fibres

 The fibres may be perpendicular or parallel to the surface being insulated, and
they may or may not be bonded together
 Silica, rock wool, slag wool and alumina silica fibres are used
 The most widely used insulations of this type are glass fibres and mineral wool
 Glass fibres and mineral wool products usually have their fibres bonded together
with organic binders that supply the limited structural integrity of the products
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Fibrous Insulation
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Manufacturing of Glass Fibre Insulator

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Cellular Insulation

 Composed of small individual cells separated from each other

 The cellular material may be glass or foamed plastic

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Granular Insulation

 Composed of small nodules which may contain voids or hollow spaces

 It is not considered a true cellular material since gas can be transferred between
the individual spaces
 This type may be produced as a loose or pourable material
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Granular Insulation
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Granular Insulation
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Granular Insulation
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Types of Insulating Materials - Forms
Insulations are produced in a variety of forms suitable for specific functions and
applications. The combined form and type of insulation determine its proper method of
installation. The forms most widely used are:

1. Rigid boards, blocks, sheets, and pre-formed shapes such as pipe insulation, curved
segments, lagging etc. Cellular, granular, and fibrous insulations are produced in
these forms

2. Flexible sheets and pre-formed shapes - Cellular and fibrous insulations are
produced in these forms
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Types of Insulating Materials - Forms
Insulations are produced in a variety of forms suitable for specific functions and
applications. The combined form and type of insulation determine its proper method of
installation. The forms most widely used are:

3. Flexible blankets - Fibrous insulations are produced in flexible blankets

4. Cements (insulating and finishing) - Produced from fibrous and granular

insulations and cement, they may be of the hydraulic setting or air drying type

5. Foams - Poured or froth foam used to fill irregular areas and voids. Spray used for
flat surfaces.
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Types of Insulating Materials

Types of Insulator classified according to transmission of energy in to three

category:

I. Thermal Insulators

II. Sound Insulators

III. Electrical Insulators

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Thermal Insulators

Building Energy Consumption

 Air conditioning - 57 %

 Lighting - 22%

 Ventilation Fans - 16%

 Miscellaneous - 5%
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Thermal Insulators

Due to high heat and etc. Resulting in:

 Increase in temperature inside the Buildings

 Inside Temperature is likely to go above than the Outside Ambient

 Higher Air Conditioning Loads and increased running time of the Compressors

 Higher Energy cost

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Thermal Insulators

So to save energy and human effort this are the importance of insulating materials

 Energy Conservation – Reduces the heating / cooling load

 Human Comfort – improves the efficiency of the workmanship

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Thermal Insulators
Requirement of a good thermal insulating materials;

 Thermal stability
 Low thermal conductivity
 Resistance to moisture
 Resistance to vibrations and shock
 Non-inflammability
 Porous and fibrous texture
 economical
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Thermal Insulators

Some important thermal insulator:

 Cork
 Glass wool
 Rock wool
 Asbestos
 Thermocal
 Vermiculite
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Thermal Insulators
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Thermal Insulators
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Thermal Insulators
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Thermal Insulators
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Thermal Insulators
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Sound Insulators
The material which offer good resistance to transmission of sound

Requirement of good sound insulating materials:

 Able to absorb noise

 Resistance against insects etc.
 Fire resistance
 Easy to work
 economical
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Sound Insulators
Some sound insulating materials:

 Sound proof Foam Panels

 Sound proof window
 Sound proof paint
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Sound Insulators
Some sound insulating materials:

 Sound proof Curtains

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Electrical Insulators
The material which offer very large resistance to flow of current and provide
proper path to conductor

Requirement of good sound insulating materials:

 Poor electrical conductivity

 Low thermal expansion
 Non inflammebility
 Durable
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Electrical Insulators
Some commonalty used electrical insulator:

 Mica
 Asbestos
 Rubber
 Paper
 Porcelain
 Glass
 Cotton
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Electrical Insulators
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Electrical Insulators
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Electrical Insulators